Lancet:散步过程中汽车尾气对老年人群心肺功能的影响

2017-12-06 zhangfan MedSci原创

研究发现,即便是短暂的散步过程中吸入的汽车尾气等污染物也会对COPD、心脏病患者以及健康人群的心肺功能造成影响

长期空气污染会导致肺功能快速下降,尤其是老年人和慢性阻塞性肺病患者。近日研究人员考察了老年人群在日常散步过程中接触的尾气污染对呼吸以及心血管功能的影响。

研究招募了60岁以上,造影证实的稳定性缺血性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺病患者以及年龄性别匹配的健康志愿者,所有参与者12个月内无吸烟史。患者随机在伦敦商业街(牛津街)或市区公园(海德公园)进行2小时的散步,散步过程中,记录炭黑、颗粒物(PM)、超微粒和二氧化氮(NO2)的浓度。

135人参与研究,其中对照者40人,COPD患者40人,缺血性心脏病患者39人。牛津街的黑碳、二氧化氮、PM10、PM2.5和超细颗粒物浓度均高于海德公园。COPD患者在牛津街出现咳嗽(OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.96-3.95)、痰多(3.15, 1.39-7.13)、气促(1.86, 0.97-3.57)以及气喘(4.00, 1.52-10.50)的频率显著高于海德公园。对于所有参与者,在海德公园中散步均可提高肺功能(第1秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量)、降低脉搏(PWV)且效果可持续至散步结束后26小时,相反上述效应在牛津街散步后即消失。对于COPD患者,散步过程中吸入的二氧化氮、超细微粒和PM2.5会导致FEV1,FVC降低,疾病严重程度增加,脉搏增加。炭黑和超细颗粒对健康人群的心脏功能也会造成影响。

研究发现,即便是短暂的散步过程中吸入的汽车尾气等污染物也会对COPD、心脏病患者以及健康人群的心肺功能造成影响。

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    2018-05-12 aids222
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    2018-01-11 howi
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