J Virol:俄亥俄州立大学武力教授实验室在艾滋病毒感染细胞的机制方面取得进展

2019-01-21 Virologica 中国病毒学英文版

近日,美国俄亥俄州立大学武力教授实验室在艾滋病毒I型(HIV-1)感染细胞的机制方面取得进展,揭示了HIV-1包膜蛋白(Env)的极性区域(Polar Region, PR)在决定病毒融合进入细胞以及感染性中的作用机制。

近日,美国俄亥俄州立大学武力教授实验室在艾滋病毒I型(HIV-1)感染细胞的机制方面取得进展,揭示了HIV-1包膜蛋白(Env)的极性区域(Polar Region, PR)在决定病毒融合进入细胞以及感染性中的作用机制。相关论文“The Polar Region of HIV-1 Envelope Protein Determines Viral Fusion and Infectivity by Stabilizing gp120-gp41 Association”在线发表于Journal of Virology。

HIV-1通过其包膜蛋白(Env)和细胞受体CD4以及辅助受体之间的结合启动病毒和细胞膜融合,从而进入宿主靶细胞。HIV-1 Env前体(gp160)在细胞内被宿主蛋白酶切割成非共价结合的两个单元:负责病毒结合和膜融合的表面单元(gp120)和跨膜单元(gp41),并在病毒颗粒上形成三聚体。在gp41的N-末端的极性区域(PR)有17个氨基酸, 其中包含7个极性氨基酸。以前的研究提示PR有助于HIV-1膜融合和感染,但是PR在Env介导的病毒进入细胞中的具体作用及分子机理仍然未知。

该论文通过对Env突变体的功能研究,证明PR对病毒Env三聚体的稳定性、 HIV-1融合和感染性至关重要。作者通过分析57,645个HIV-1分离株的PR序列,并对PR中的三个高度保守的极性氨基酸进行了点突变和功能研究(S532P,T534A和T536A)(图1A),发现单个或组合突变可以显着降低HIV-1感染性或造成病毒彻底失活(图1B),但不影响病毒颗粒的产生和释放。这些突变的病毒显着降低了HIV-1与靶细胞的融合以及Env介导的细胞与细胞之间的融合(图1C)。含有S532P的PR突变体明显降低了gp120和gp41的结合及Env三聚体的稳定性,从而增加了游离到细胞外的gp120(图1D)。此外,在感染人群中自然存在的S532A突变病毒显着降低了HIV-1感染性和融合性,但不影响Env的表达和切割。结合这些氨基酸位点的结构解析表明(图1E),关键残基S532对于维持HIV-1 Env三聚体的稳定性、病毒融合和感染性是必需的。

该研究通过对Env三聚体关键位点进行突变和功能研究并模拟其结构,对开发临床抗HIV-1抗体和药物具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。目前针对HIV-1的中和抗体对临床病毒大部分无效的原因之一就是Env形成的三聚体稳定性非常差。由于没有天然状态的Env三聚体的精细结构,设计HIV-1疫苗的有效免疫原异常困难。针对Env研发新型靶向HIV-1膜融合的抗体和疫苗是目前研究的热点之一。

图1.通过对HIV-1包膜蛋白(Env)的突变体的功能研究,证明其极性区域(PR)对Env三聚体的稳定性、HIV-1融合和感染性至关重要。

俄亥俄州立大学卢五迅博士和武汉大学访问学者陈述亮博士为论文的共同第一作者,武力教授为通讯作者。该研究的合作者还有俄亥俄州立大学刘善虑教授和于京佑博士,威斯康星大学Nathan Sherer教授和Ryan Behren博士,内布拉斯加大学向世华教授和Joshua Wiggins博士,以及耶鲁大学熊勇教授。该项研究受到美国国立卫生研究院的资助。

武力教授实验室自2005年来致力于HIV分子病毒学的基础研究。目前的主要课题包括对宿主限制因子SAMHD1的抗病毒机理,及HIV-1 RNA m6A甲基化调控病毒复制的研究,并发表了一系列论文。

原始出处:Wuxun Lu, Shuliang Chen, Jingyou Yu, et al. The Polar Region of HIV-1 Envelope Protein Determines Viral Fusion and Infectivity by Stabilizing gp120-gp41 Association. J Virol.(2018)

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    2019-01-21 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-01-21 yjs木玉

    学习学习,好好好好好

    0

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目前,艾滋病仍是威胁我国公众健康的重要公共卫生问题。截至2017年底,全国报告的现存活艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病患者758,610例,当年新发病例134,512例,较2016年增长8%。但是在我国部分基层地区,高危行为人群疫情严重,还有相当数量的感染者和患者未被发现,与联合国艾滋病规划署提出在2020年实现90%感染者通过检测知晓感染状况的目标有较大差距,防治任务依旧艰巨。

老年艾滋病患者,反复入院,毛病却越治越多

一位66岁的女性患者,来我院前半个月开始出现咳嗽、咳痰伴气促。患者有抑郁症及精神分裂症史,长期口服艾司西酞普兰、阿立哌唑控制。当地医院胸部CT示肺部感染,支气管镜提示支气管黏膜充血、水肿,可见较多脓性分泌物,予以三代头孢、莫西沙星抗感染治疗后症状略有缓解。

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联合国艾滋病规划署、世界卫生组织的评估和统计表明,目前全球有3500万人感染艾滋病病毒(HIV),每年有近200万新增HIV感染病例。目前中国艾滋病全人群感染率约为万分之九,处于低流行水平。艾滋病是一种全球流行的主要经性传播的严重传染病,人类正式认知它已有37年,尽管能在某种程度上抑制艾滋病病毒,但还是不能彻底征服它。原因在于HIV有高度变异性,它可以进入人体免疫细胞,而且它只感染人类不感染其他动

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2018年11月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了艾滋病相关卡波西肉瘤指南,2019年第2版。指南主要内容包括: 诊断和工作组 局限性皮肤疾病 进展性皮肤,口腔,内脏和结节病 艾滋病相关卡波西肉瘤的分级 治疗原则和目标 局部治疗 系统治疗