Neurology:急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗后的再灌注损伤

2019-07-21 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

从全球来看,接近1/3的卒中为前循环大动脉闭塞性(large artery occlusion,LAO)急性缺血性卒中,其特征为临床症状更加严重、预后更差。5项大型随机试验发现血管内治疗(endovascular treatment,EVT)联合静脉溶栓(IV thrombolysis,IVT)优于单独IVT,因此 EVT 推荐用于 LAO 急性缺血性卒中患者。

从全球来看,接近1/3的卒中为前循环大动脉闭塞性(large artery occlusion,LAO)急性缺血性卒中,其特征为临床症状更加严重、预后更差。5项大型随机试验发现血管内治疗(endovascular treatment,EVT)联合静脉溶栓(IV thrombolysis,IVT)优于单独IVT,因此 EVT 推荐用于 LAO 急性缺血性卒中患者。

DSA 是诊断 LAO 的金标准,但是价格昂贵且有创,因此它并不常用于患者的随访。另一方面,经颅彩色编码超声(transcranial colorcoded sonography,TCCS)是一种无创床边检查工具,能够实时提供动态形态学信息,同时能够在不同临床情况(比如造影室、恢复病房、ICU 和卒中单元)下以及在不同的治疗阶段评价患者的血流动力学变化,为放射影像学提供额外的信息。因此,TCCS 是评价 EVT 疗效的有效方法,因为 EVT 并不能担保所有患者一定能够达到成功再通(定义为 mTICI 2b-3),一些患者尽管采取了充分治疗措施但是症状不一定改善,甚至一些患者为部分再通。令人惊讶的是,介入手术后血流动力学变化的研究非常不充分。

鉴于上述原因,2019年6月来自意大利帕多瓦大学医学院的Claudio Baracchini等在 Neurology 上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于探索经过 EVT 治疗后的前循环 LAO 急性缺血性卒中患者预后的早期血流动力学预测指标和再灌注损伤。

该研究纳入了连续185例前循环 LAO 急性缺血性卒中患者,并且分别于 EVT 后立即、48h、1周连续进行 TCCS,以评价血管的状态和脑血流动力学。

他们发现成功再通(OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.61)和 EVT 后48h(OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15–0.64)以及1周后(OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.07–0.31)的正常收缩期峰值流速(peak systolic velocity,PSV)比值(再通的 MCA PSV/对侧 MCA PSV)是3个月良好预后的独立预测因子。血栓切除术失败(OR 10.22, 95% CI 1.47–45.53)和 EVT 1周时病态 PSV 比值(OR 15.23, 95% CI 4.54–46.72)与90天不良预后有关。对于介入手术后发生颅内出血的患者,其成功再通后立即检测的平均 PSV 比值更高(3.5 ± 0.2 vs 2.4 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001)。在多因素分析中,早期 PSV 比值与手术后 ICH 独立相关(OR 8.474, 95% CI 3.066–45.122, p < 0.01)。在 EVT 1周时,71.4% (15/21例)的 PSV 恢复到正常值的 ICH 患者,其90天预后较好(mRS 0-2,40% vs. 0%)。

最终作者认为 EVT 后超声监测是一种评价治疗疗效的有效床旁工具,能够区分预后的差异,以及识别处于 ICH 高风险的患者。

原始出处:Baracchini C1, Farina F2, Palmieri A2, et al. Early hemodynamic predictors of good outcome and reperfusion injury after endovascular treatment. Neurology. 2019 Jun 11;

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    2020-04-17 yinhl1978
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    2019-07-22 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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