无痛分娩难推广 麻醉师不足、费用偏高等都是问题

2017-09-15 肖思思、帅才、董小红 新华社

在美国,无痛分娩实施的比例大概为85%,英国是98%,加拿大是86%,而我国实施无痛分娩的比例不超过10%。

像用美工刀切开中指,像手指被门夹,仅次于烧伤的疼痛……生孩子究竟有多痛?有专家称,44%以上的初产妇感觉“痛不欲生”。

“无痛分娩”在医学上被称为“分娩镇痛”,是帮助产妇减轻疼痛的有效办法。“新华视点”记者从北京、广州、长沙、成都等多地了解到,我国分娩镇痛的普及程度不高。专家介绍,在美国,无痛分娩实施的比例大概为85%,英国是98%,加拿大是86%,而我国实施无痛分娩的比例不超过10%。即使在医疗资源丰富的北京、上海、广州,也并非所有的三甲医院都开展了分娩镇痛。

生孩子到底有多痛?

广州市妇女儿童医疗中心麻醉科主任宋兴荣介绍,据中华医学会统计,6%的初产妇感觉轻微疼痛,约50%的初产妇感觉明显疼痛,约44%的初产妇感觉疼痛难忍,痛不欲生。

拿一把美工刀把自己的中指从中间切分开来,疼痛指数是9.2,晚期顽固性癌痛指数是10。自然分娩疼痛指数是9.7至9.8,这可能是大部分妇女一生中所遇到的最剧烈的疼痛。

在成都一家医院,记者看到怀二胎7个月的许女士正在学习顺利生产的呼吸方法。“生头胎的时候疼得撕心裂肺,把老公的手都咬破了,前后疼了十几个小时才把孩子生下来。”她说。

中南大学湘雅医院麻醉科主任郭曲练教授说:“自然分娩过程长,对产妇来说,越来越频繁剧烈的宫缩阵痛,从精神到身体都是一场严峻考验。”

四川大学华西第二医院产科主任刘兴会从事产科临床工作35年,见到了太多产妇在分娩过程中疼痛难忍的场景:“很多平时温文尔雅的产妇在疼痛袭来时,会在床上打滚。如果把人类疼痛分为10个等级,分娩的阵发性疼痛仅次于最高级别的烧伤疼痛。”

成都市妇女儿童中心医院妇产科主任医师林永红说:“长期以来,很多人认为生孩子疼痛是理所当然的。产妇是否得到医疗协助减轻痛苦,实际上反映了一个社会的文明程度。”

可减少疼痛、降低剖宫产率,但全国推广不到一成

记者从多地医院了解到,分娩镇痛显着减轻了产妇的分娩疼痛。

湖南湘雅医院麻醉科医生刘畅介绍,分娩镇痛中,医生会使用各种方法使分娩时的疼痛减轻甚至消失,产妇不用再经历疼痛的折磨,减少分娩时的恐惧和产后的疲倦,在时间最长的第一产程得到休息。当宫口开全时,产妇因积攒了体力而有足够力量完成分娩。

在开展分娩镇痛的一些医院,剖宫产率正在逐年下降,顺产率上升。宋兴荣介绍,2010年,广州市妇女儿童医疗中心开始大规模开展无痛分娩,剖宫产率从2008年的50%下降到2017年的32%。

据林永红介绍,成都市妇女儿童中心医院实施分娩镇痛已经超过60%。从2012年全面实施无痛分娩后,该院的顺产率从37%上升到了2016年的48%。

分娩镇痛对母亲和婴儿安全吗?湖南省人民医院疼痛科主任吴礼平说,迄今为止,椎管内分娩镇痛是所有分娩镇痛中最有效的方法,麻醉药的浓度仅相当于剖宫产的十分之一至五分之一,通过胎盘的药物微乎其微,对胎儿无不良影响。

“我们已经做了5万例无痛分娩,没有出现严重并发症。”宋兴荣介绍。不过,专家提醒,无痛分娩并不适合所有产妇。如果产妇患有妊娠合并心脏病、药物过敏史、腰部外伤史,需要及时告诉医生。采用此技术分娩,需要在产前接受产科和麻醉科医生的检查、评估。

广东的分娩镇痛率高于全国水平,达到了10%,广州市妇女儿童医疗中心的无痛分娩率达到70%。但即使在医疗资源丰富的广州,也并非所有的三甲医院产科都开展了分娩镇痛。

分娩镇痛为何难推广?

分娩镇痛技术成熟、操作不难,但为何推广率不高?

湖南省人民医院麻醉科副主任医师文赛勇说,开展分娩镇痛最佳模式是麻醉医生24小时进驻产房,但这意味着需要大量麻醉医生。据中国医师协会麻醉学分会副会长黄文起介绍,目前全国有麻醉医生8.5万多名,缺口约为30万人。

在目前生育高峰的情况下,医生的工作时间也是一个重要障碍。刘畅等医生说,为保证手术效果,需要麻醉师进行不间断地疼痛评估和调整用药速度,直到产程完全结束。这个时间远远超过剖宫产手术,四五个小时很常见,多的时候需要十几个小时。

此外,宋兴荣说,目前,广州市医保没有将无痛分娩项目纳入基本医疗保险范畴,也缺乏物价等实施细则,这导致许多医院不愿开设无痛分娩项目。

宋兴荣说:“开展一次无痛分娩需要2000元左右,700~800元可以通过麻醉等方式进行医保报销,还有1200多元需要医院补贴,做一例亏一例。”据悉,今年1至7月,广州市妇女儿童医疗中心为开展无痛分娩亏损525万元。

文赛勇说,目前,无痛分娩更像是一种奢侈品而非基本医疗需求。除了公众存在认识盲区,医院也缺少相应的人力资源和动力,分配到这件“吃力不讨好”的服务上。

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    2017-10-29 wshxjq
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    2017-09-17 linlin2312
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1822486, encodeId=dcf41822486fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b1030603e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#麻醉师#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103060, encryptionId=cb3b1030603e, topicName=麻醉师)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd34186, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Sun Oct 29 04:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275115, encodeId=cd5812e51150c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=263031541b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31541, encryptionId=263031541b4, topicName=分娩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587346, encodeId=f46d158e3460a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e9a56e67a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#推广#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56767, encryptionId=7e9a56e67a0, topicName=推广)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dff417466583, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244316, encodeId=9f87244316cc, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:40:25 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244312, encodeId=796424431239, content=医保跟市民观念得跟上.我们医疗很廉价了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:32:50 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244283, encodeId=dbcb24428308, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 12:05:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-15 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1822486, encodeId=dcf41822486fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b1030603e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#麻醉师#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103060, encryptionId=cb3b1030603e, topicName=麻醉师)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd34186, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Sun Oct 29 04:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275115, encodeId=cd5812e51150c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=263031541b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31541, encryptionId=263031541b4, topicName=分娩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587346, encodeId=f46d158e3460a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e9a56e67a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#推广#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56767, encryptionId=7e9a56e67a0, topicName=推广)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dff417466583, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244316, encodeId=9f87244316cc, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:40:25 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244312, encodeId=796424431239, content=医保跟市民观念得跟上.我们医疗很廉价了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:32:50 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244283, encodeId=dbcb24428308, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 12:05:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-15 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    医保跟市民观念得跟上.我们医疗很廉价了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1822486, encodeId=dcf41822486fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b1030603e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#麻醉师#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103060, encryptionId=cb3b1030603e, topicName=麻醉师)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd34186, createdName=wshxjq, createdTime=Sun Oct 29 04:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275115, encodeId=cd5812e51150c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=263031541b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31541, encryptionId=263031541b4, topicName=分娩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587346, encodeId=f46d158e3460a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e9a56e67a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#推广#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56767, encryptionId=7e9a56e67a0, topicName=推广)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dff417466583, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 02:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244316, encodeId=9f87244316cc, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:40:25 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244312, encodeId=796424431239, content=医保跟市民观念得跟上.我们医疗很廉价了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 15 13:32:50 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244283, encodeId=dbcb24428308, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Sep 15 12:05:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-15 忠诚向上

    好好学习.多看看

    0

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