Circulation:双联抗血小板治疗降低缺血性脑卒中复发风险

2014-01-09 佚名 丁香园

有研究证据表明,双联抗血小板治疗较单药治疗在早期中风复发的预防和急性缺血性脑卒中(IS)或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)临床预后中的效果更佳。但随着最新的临床试验CHANCE的完成,有必要对该结论进行重新分析。针对这种情况,来自中国的Ka Sing Lawrence Wong教授进行了一项研究,结果在线发表在2013年9月12的Circulation杂志上。研究发现双联抗血小板

有研究证据表明,双联抗血小板治疗较单药治疗在早期中风复发的预防和急性缺血性脑卒中(IS)或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)临床预后中的效果更佳。但随着最新的临床试验CHANCE的完成,有必要对该结论进行重新分析。针对这种情况,来自中国的Ka Sing Lawrence Wong教授进行了一项研究,结果在线发表在2013年9月12的Circulation杂志上。研究发现双联抗血小板治疗较单药治疗能降低IS或TIA患者中风复发的风险。【原文下载】

本研究为meta分析,共纳入14项试验急性非心源性IS和TIA患者发生3天内进行双联和单药抗血小板治疗的患者9012名。结果表明与单药抗血小板治疗相比,双联抗血小板能够明显降低中风复发及中风、TIA、急性冠脉综合症和死亡等复合终点事件的风险。同时,严重出血事件的发生也没有明显增加。此外,对包括CHANCE在内的其中8项双盲随机对照试验的分析的结果也得出类似结论。

该研究发现,对于急性非心源性IS或TIA的患者而言,双联治疗相比于单药治疗在减少早期中风复发中更加有效。并证实CHANCE试验的结果与先前得出的结论一致。

研究背景:

中风复发在缺血性脑卒中(IS)或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的患者中往往有更高的风险,而且相当一部分的复发发生在中风或TIA几天后。一项纳入195项不同治疗时长临床试验的meta分析结果显示,抗血小板治疗在高危患者中能降低血管事件风险约22%。因此,现行指南推荐进行抗血小板治疗,建议通过使用阿司匹林或氯吡格雷或阿司匹林合并双嘧达莫来预防患者中风复发和其他血管事件。例如,在2008年,美国国立卫生和临床优化研究院(NICE)的指南推荐使用阿司匹林单药对急性IS和TIA进行治疗。另外,阿司匹林合并双嘧达莫是现行指南唯一推荐的双联抗血小板疗法。

冠脉循环中,采用双联或三联药物是急性冠脉综合症(ACS)治疗规范。但除阿司匹林合并双嘧达莫的治疗外,其他双联抗血小板治疗在急性非心源性IS和TIA中并未被建议。大规模随机对照临床试验(RCT)并未显示双联较单药抗血小板治疗在长期二次中风预防中有更好的安全和疗效。然而,这些大规模临床试验包含了多个不同研究人群,而且治疗通常是在高风险阶段起始后进行并持续数年,这样就增加了一些潜在副作用尤其是出血的风险。对于急性期IS和TIA双联疗法的安全和疗效仍不确定;该期出现的更高中风复发风险可能需要更强力的抗血小板方案。替代性RCT(CARESS试验和CLAIR试验)显示双联抗血小板治疗在减少脑栓塞事件上较单药治疗更有效。

合并了至2011年4月的RCT试验中的急性期数据的meta分析结果显示,双联抗血小板治疗较单药治疗能降低中风复发和复合终点(包括中风、TIA、ACS和死亡)的风险。而严重出血的风险在双联治疗中虽不明显但往往会增加。虽然仅在纳入的临床试验中观察到双联的益处,而且未对双联和单药治疗进行明确比较,但确为双联抗血小板用于在急性IS和TIA治疗提供了依据。

随机双盲多中心安慰剂对照的CHANCE试验证实氯吡格雷合并阿司匹林较阿司匹林单药在急性小中风或TIA的患者中更加安全有效。患者在症状发生后24小时内进行随机分组并在纳入试验的21天内分别进行氯吡格雷合并阿司匹林和阿司匹林单药治疗,并在随后从21天到3个月的时间内进行分别进行氯吡格雷和阿司匹林的单药治疗。该试验共纳入了5170名患者,结果显示双联治疗能够有效不增加严重出血的情况下,能够有效降低中风的风险。

由于CHANCE试验的完成,我们对急性非心源性IS和TIA患者发生3天内进行双联和单药抗血小板治疗的内容进行了回顾和Meta分析,以进一步评价双联抗血小板治疗的有效性和安全性。由于风险减轻治疗在非心源性和心源性中风中有本质差异,因此该分析仅限于非心源性IS和TIA的患者。

原文出处:

Wong KS, Wang Y, Leng X, Mao C, Tang J, Bath PM, Markus HS, Gorelick PB, Liu L, Lin W, Wang Y.Early dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Circulation. 2013 Oct 8;128(15):1656-66. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003187. Epub 2013 Sep 12.【原文下载】

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