心梗后的“六道菜”不能随意停用

2017-10-20 马多玲 上海药讯

在临床上有时会遇到停用阿司匹林1月内再度发生心肌梗死或支架血栓形成的病例,这种情况会严重威胁患者的生命健康。那么什么药是心肌梗死支架术后的“六道菜”,哪些可以停,哪些是必须终身服用的?


马多玲 长海医院药学部急诊药房

临床上有时会遇到停用阿司匹林1月内再度发生心肌梗死或支架血栓形成的病例,这种情况会严重威胁患者的生命健康。那么什么药是心肌梗死支架术后的“六道菜”,哪些可以停,哪些是必须终身服用的?

菜品1  阿司匹林

菜品2  氯吡格雷

菜品1和2俗称双联抗血小板药物。心肌梗死支架术后需要常规服药一年预防术后血栓的发生,一年后可由医生根据病情决定是否停用氯吡格雷,但阿司匹林需要终生服药。若突然停用阿司匹林,会导致血小板聚集性增加或反弹,使其发生急性心血管事件的风险显著提高。如果面临要进行外科手术或牙科处理等情况,必须根据让医生对病情权衡利弊,切不可自行停药。服药期间注意观察皮肤有无瘀斑、结膜充血、黑便、鼻出血等症状。

菜品3  他汀类  如阿托伐他汀钙片

坚持使用此类药物,使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇<2.07mmol/L,且达标后不应停药或者盲目减少剂量,因为他汀类不仅有调节血脂的作用,还有稳定斑块的作用,建议患者心梗支架术后终身服用的。服药期间可能出现肌痛、肌无力、肝功能异常,注意定期随访。

菜品4  β受体阻滞剂  如美托洛尔 

心肌梗死后患者使用β受体阻滞剂可以减少死亡率,这是通过大规模临床试验证实的,其除了减慢心率外,还可降低体循环血压,减弱心肌收缩力,减少心肌氧耗,缩小梗死面积,建议患者心梗支架术后终身服用的,服药期间注意监测血压及心率。如果忽然停药会出现严重的“反跳”现象。

菜品5  普利类  如卡托普利

心梗支架术后患者一定要进行有效的血压管理,应控制血压<140/90mmHg,普利类降压药不仅能有效的降低血压,还可以改善心室重构,应终生服药。

菜品6  硝酸酯类    如单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片

有些患者心梗支架术后会有胸闷、胸痛的症状,医生对症治疗会给与单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片,缓解症状并减少这些症状的发作,服药一段时间情况稳定、症状消失。此类药物可以在医生的指导下停用,不需要终生服药,但要慢慢停,如果骤然停服,可引起冠状动脉痉挛,诱发心绞痛。

药物的“六道菜”按照要求吃了,对于心梗支架术后的患者生活饮食方面也要多加注意:

1:注意低盐低脂饮食,少吃咸鱼、咸菜、腌肉、肥肉、动物内脏、鱼籽、动物油脂等。

2:宜清淡饮食,食物宜蒸、煮,戒烟,忌用咖啡、浓茶、白酒等。

3:保持大便通畅,勿用力大便。

4:宜吃当季新鲜蔬菜和水果。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053402, encodeId=eb0f20534021b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 09:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255420, encodeId=5a4225542061, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4cyIbibqa2VuNGCKeyRxITYNqLTIaoFo3Jx2LSawp8yrFSs1CIXKv1jyXV97ecnxhhktGKkPP9onfJFZCbiayLgic/0, createdBy=3f1c1956638, createdName=1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 23 21:12:52 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255062, encodeId=a8bb25506263, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Oct 22 09:50:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254797, encodeId=9e9f254e978c, content=很好很好很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/07/8c1e5a0085f3b74f3a4ab58a38a3d487.jpg, createdBy=b33e2159612, createdName=2227437833_79976374, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 08:09:59 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-07 lfyang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053402, encodeId=eb0f20534021b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 09:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255420, encodeId=5a4225542061, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4cyIbibqa2VuNGCKeyRxITYNqLTIaoFo3Jx2LSawp8yrFSs1CIXKv1jyXV97ecnxhhktGKkPP9onfJFZCbiayLgic/0, createdBy=3f1c1956638, createdName=1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 23 21:12:52 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255062, encodeId=a8bb25506263, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Oct 22 09:50:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254797, encodeId=9e9f254e978c, content=很好很好很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/07/8c1e5a0085f3b74f3a4ab58a38a3d487.jpg, createdBy=b33e2159612, createdName=2227437833_79976374, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 08:09:59 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-23 1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053402, encodeId=eb0f20534021b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 09:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255420, encodeId=5a4225542061, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4cyIbibqa2VuNGCKeyRxITYNqLTIaoFo3Jx2LSawp8yrFSs1CIXKv1jyXV97ecnxhhktGKkPP9onfJFZCbiayLgic/0, createdBy=3f1c1956638, createdName=1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 23 21:12:52 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255062, encodeId=a8bb25506263, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Oct 22 09:50:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254797, encodeId=9e9f254e978c, content=很好很好很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/07/8c1e5a0085f3b74f3a4ab58a38a3d487.jpg, createdBy=b33e2159612, createdName=2227437833_79976374, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 08:09:59 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-22 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053402, encodeId=eb0f20534021b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93255105e89' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51057, encryptionId=93255105e89, topicName=心梗后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43cb463, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 09:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255420, encodeId=5a4225542061, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4cyIbibqa2VuNGCKeyRxITYNqLTIaoFo3Jx2LSawp8yrFSs1CIXKv1jyXV97ecnxhhktGKkPP9onfJFZCbiayLgic/0, createdBy=3f1c1956638, createdName=1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 23 21:12:52 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255062, encodeId=a8bb25506263, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Oct 22 09:50:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254797, encodeId=9e9f254e978c, content=很好很好很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/07/8c1e5a0085f3b74f3a4ab58a38a3d487.jpg, createdBy=b33e2159612, createdName=2227437833_79976374, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 08:09:59 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-21 2227437833_79976374

    很好很好很好

    0

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