盘点:2020年3月Gastroenterology研究精选

2020-03-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

2020年3月Gastroenterology研究精选

【1】腺瘤及息肉切除后长期结直肠癌风险研究
 
 
内镜检查可发现常规腺瘤或锯齿状息肉,通过对前体病变的及时切除以降低结直肠癌(CRC)的发病率和死亡率,但对于前体病变切除后的复查间隔目前尚无定律。
 
本研究中总计122899名参与者接受乙状结肠镜或结肠镜检查,内镜检查结果分为无息肉、常规腺瘤或锯齿状息肉(增生性息肉、传统锯齿状腺瘤或无梗锯齿状腺瘤,有或无细胞学发育异常)。传统的腺瘤分为晚期型(≥10毫米,高级发育不良,或管状或绒毛组织学)和非晚期型,锯齿状息肉分为大型(≥10mm)或小型(<10mm)。经过10年的中位随访,总计记录了491例CRC病例,其中6161名常规腺瘤患者中51例,5918名锯齿状息肉患者中24例,112107名无息肉患者中427例。与初次内镜检查未发现息肉的参与者相比,晚期腺瘤患者的CRC风险为4.07,大锯齿息肉患者发生癌变风险为3.35。相比之下,非晚期腺瘤(HR:1.21)或小锯齿息肉(HR:1.25)患者的CRC风险没有显著增加。
 
【2】首次结肠镜筛查结果可影响10年内晚期肿瘤风险
 
 
近日研究人员就基线筛查后10年,参与者的晚期肿瘤(定义为腺瘤≥10毫米、有绒毛组织学或高度异常增生的腺瘤或结直肠癌)风险进行了考察。
 
3121名无症状退伍军人参与研究,基线年龄50-75岁,从1994年到1997年在13个医疗中心接受了结肠镜检查。所有基线结肠镜筛查人群中,每146人中至少发现1例晚期肿瘤。基线CRC患者的晚期肿瘤的累积10年发生率最高 (43.7%),其次是基线晚期腺瘤(AA,21.9%)。基线检查中1-2个小腺瘤(<1cm,无绒毛组织学或高度异性增生)和无腺瘤人群的晚期肿瘤10年累积发病率分别为6.3%和4.1%。与无基线腺瘤的退伍军人相比,在基线时有1或2个小腺瘤患者的后续晚期肿瘤风险未见显著增加(优势比0.96)。
 
【3】腺瘤分类与结直肠癌风险
 
 
近日研究人员利用大型的、基于社区的综合保健研究数据,对腺瘤切除后结直肠癌(CRC)和CRC相关死亡的长期风险进行了考察。
 
从2004年到2010年,21个医疗中心的参与者接受了基线结肠镜检查,检查结果分为无腺瘤、低风险腺瘤或高风险腺瘤。总计64422人参与研究,其中女性占54.3%,平均年龄61.6岁,平均随访时间为8.1年。与无腺瘤组(45881人)相比,高风险腺瘤组(7563人)有较高的CRC(HR:2.61)及相关死亡(HR:3.94)风险,而低风险腺瘤组名患者(10978人)的CRC(HR:1.29)或相关死亡风险(HR:0.65)没有显著增加。
 
【4】炎症性肠病患者肠道菌群变化研究
 
 
近日研究人员开展系统回顾和荟萃分析考察特定微生物和IBD之间的联系。
 
总计45篇文章,48项研究纳入本次荟萃分析,大多数患者为克罗恩病(CD)或溃疡性结肠炎(UC)成年人。与对照组相比,CD患者Christensenellae、Coriobacteriae以及Faecalibacterium prausnitzii菌群的数量减少,而放线菌、Veillonella和大肠杆菌的数量增加。UC患者Eubacterium rectale和Akkermansia数量减少,大肠杆菌含量增加。与对照组相比,IBD患者的微生物多样性降低或无差异。不到50%的研究表明病例和对照的性别和年龄具有可比性。
 
【5】:腺瘤切除后结直肠癌高风险评估
 
 
适度的结肠镜复查可降低结直肠癌和腺瘤切除后患者的死亡风险,近日研究人员开发了一种腺瘤切除后结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的风险分类系统。
 
2000-11年,研究人员在波兰132个中心对236089名患者进行了一项基于多中心人群队列研究。筛查发现,腺瘤切除个体中发现了130例结直肠癌(46.5/10万人-年),而无腺瘤个体中发现了309例(22.2/10万人-年)。与无腺瘤个体相比,直径≥20 mm的腺瘤和高度异型增生与结直肠癌风险增加相关(校正危险比分别为9.25和3.58)。与普通人群相比,只有直径≥20 mm的腺瘤(标准化发病率[SIR]2.07)或高度异型增生(SIR:0.79)的个体,结直肠癌的风险更高,而具有其他腺瘤特征的个体的风险较低(SIR:0.35)。研究人员根据腺瘤大小≥20 mm或高度异型增生制定了一个高风险分类(而不是目前的高风险分类标准:≥3个腺瘤、任何具有绒毛状生长模式、高度异型增生或直径≥10 mm腺瘤)。根据新标准,高风险和需要强化监测的人数从15242人(36.5%)减少到3980人(9.5%),但患者结直肠癌风险(每10万人年的风险差异:5.6%)无显著变化。
 

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    2020-08-14 许安
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    2020-03-25 124902dfm95暂无昵称

    值得学习反思

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