Pharmacol Therapeut:酗酒也是病?还无药可医!

2018-05-23 徐钰琦 环球医学

2018年5月,发表于《Pharmacol Ther》上的一项研究,表明了现没有药物可治疗过量饮酒引起的副反应。

2018年5月,发表于《Pharmacol Ther》上的一项研究,表明了现没有药物可治疗过量饮酒引起的副反应。

酗酒(AUDs)患者的大脑和其他器官通常会发生不同的社会行为和病理生理变化。近期,食用不健康食品和过量酒精以及久坐的生活方式已成为发达和发展中国家的常态。尽管适度饮酒会带来益处,但据报道慢性和/或过量饮酒会对大脑、肝脏和其他器官产生负面影响,导致细胞死亡、器官损伤/衰竭和死亡。酗酒和酒精相关合并症最有效的治疗方法是戒酒,但是,慢性酒精中毒患者不能自主停止饮酒。因此,这类人群急需针对性治疗。酗酒和/或酒精滥用的患者经历有害影响和大脑及其他器官的变化。对于停止饮酒,酒精中毒患者经历急性戒断症状,随后是持续存在的戒断综合征,将导致更严重的酗酒复发。在过去的几十年中,许多药物被用于治疗AUDs。这些药物包括戒断期间减轻或阻断严重酒精戒断综合症的药物以及减少酒精渴望和辅助戒酒的药物。但是,没有药物能完全对抗过量饮酒的副作用。本综述概括了目前可获得的并经FDA批准的药物及其作用机制,以及不同临床分期和正在临床试验中的药物。此外,还总结了FDA已批准用于预防酗酒和治疗AUDs的再定位及其潜在的作用机制,例如抗惊厥药、抗精神病药、抗抑郁药和其他药物。

专家点评:我国酒精性肝病防治指南(2018年)主动戒酒比较困难者可给予巴氯芬口服。乙醇(酒精)依赖者戒酒过程中要及时预防和治疗乙醇(酒精)戒断综合征(可用安定类镇静治疗)。FDA批准的可用于减轻酒精戒断综合症的药物包括:双硫仑,阿坎酸,纳曲酮和注射用缓释纳曲酮。但在中国尚未得到批准,有待进一步考察。

原始出处:

Akbar M, Egli M, Cho YE, et.al. Medications for alcohol use disorders: An overview. Pharmacol Ther. 2018 May;185:64-85. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.007. Epub 2017 Dec 2.

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    2018-07-17 jj000001
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    2018-05-30 yb6560
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    2018-12-22 feather89
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    2018-05-26 wzzyz1

    酒精滥用也是病

    0

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    2018-05-24 baihao215

    越来越值得关注

    0

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