Current Biology:两性行为差异的神经基础

2018-04-13 佚名 生物通

发表在《Current Biology》期刊上的一项新研究表明,生理性别能改变神经细胞之间交流,让雄性和雌性对相同的刺激产生不同反应。


发表在《Current Biology》期刊上的一项新研究表明,生理性别能改变神经细胞之间交流,让雄性和雌性对相同的刺激产生不同反应。

“男性和女性神经系统看似相同,实际我们都清楚,许多神经疾病表现存在性别差异,”罗切斯特大学生物医学遗传学、神经科学系副教授Douglas Portman博士说。“既然生理性别可以影响动物行为,那么这些差异可能就是生理驱动的。我们探讨了生理性别与神经回路控制和功能之间的联系,而且发现通过不同性别的不同构造可以操纵行为改变。”

他们采用线虫(C. elegans)作为观察对象,历史上,曾经有三座诺贝尔生理医学奖和化学奖授予涉及秀丽隐杆线虫的研究发现。

C. elegans有两个性别,雄性和雌雄同体。尽管雌雄同体能自我受孕,但它们也会与雄性配偶交配,因此,这些线虫也被视为雌性。

驱动线虫行为的感官线索主要是嗅觉和味觉,雌性线虫分泌一种已知的信息素来吸引雄性配偶,该信息素还具有排斥其他雌性的作用。

科学家们试图回答,为什么同样的信息素,会引起不同性别两种行为反应?

实验中,科学家们调整了线虫的每个神经元的遗传性别,本质上相当于,将雄性的一个神经细胞转变为雌性神经细胞,反之亦然。通过这一过程,研究人员得以将性别特异性行为差异与一对名为ADF的感觉神经元对映起来。雄性的ADF神经元需触发mab-3基因表达激活,从而引导个体去追溯信息素的来源,相反雌性的反应却是与信息素保持距离。当这一对神经元的性别发生改变,雌雄个体对信息素的反应也会逆转。

“这项发现表明,动物的生理性别指导行为反应,”Portman说。“在这种情况下,调包两性的单对神经元,可以解答相同刺激下两种性别的不同反应。从长远角度,这种生理性别调节神经网络的机制也可以推广到高等动物,最终,将有助于我们理解为什么某些神经系统或神经精神疾病对男性或女性更加青睐。”

原始出处:

Kelli A. Fagan, et al.A Single-Neuron Chemosensory Switch Determines the Valence of a Sexually Dimorphic Sensory Behavior.Current Biology, Vol. 28, Issue 6, p902–914.e5 Published online: March 8, 2018

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    2018-05-12 sunylz
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    2018-04-15 xugc
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    2018-04-14 yfjms

    学习

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