Spine J:脊柱侧弯术后胸椎平背是腰椎间盘退变危险因素

2014-06-25 cmt 丁香园

青少年脊柱侧弯的长期随访研究引起了研究者对手术技术,矫正率和退变的关注。由于融合节段远端邻近节段负荷过重,而引起早发的椎间盘退变。常见于不能恢复脊柱矢状平衡的后路内固定系统。 最近的一项脊柱侧弯手术后10年以上的长期随访研究表明,椎间盘退变最易发生于融合节段很远的腰5第1间隙,不能归结于侧弯类型或腰椎及骨盆的矢状面参数。矢状面不平衡与椎间盘退变和临床疗效负相关。 为确定脊柱侧弯术后

青少年脊柱侧弯的长期随访研究引起了研究者对手术技术,矫正率和退变的关注。由于融合节段远端邻近节段负荷过重,而引起早发的椎间盘退变。常见于不能恢复脊柱矢状平衡的后路内固定系统。

最近的一项脊柱侧弯手术后10年以上的长期随访研究表明,椎间盘退变最易发生于融合节段很远的腰5第1间隙,不能归结于侧弯类型或腰椎及骨盆的矢状面参数。矢状面不平衡与椎间盘退变和临床疗效负相关。

为确定脊柱侧弯术后椎间盘退变的危险因素,德国德累斯顿工业大学卡尔·古斯塔夫医学院骨科的学者进行了一项回顾性比较预后研究,提示青少年脊柱侧弯融合术后胸椎平背为腰椎间盘退变的危险因素,文章于2014年6月发表在Spine J上。

该回顾性研究共纳入33例青少年脊柱侧弯的病例,其中18例选择性前路融合手术(腹侧去旋转融合术,VDS组,Halm-Zielke内固定),15例长节段前后联合融合手术(腹背组,椎弓根钉CD系统),术后平均随访时间为7.5年(表1,图1)。

表1 病例的一般情况

图1 两组病例内固定远端终止椎的分布

评估项目包括病例的SRS-22问卷量表(可分为功能,疼痛,身体,精神和满意五个亚类),节段性和非特异性背痛的查体,术前术后站立位脊柱全长片和MRI。

X线片的评估包括局部、冠状面(骶正中垂线与最远端固定椎距离,及与C7线距离)和矢状面参数(Jackson法的矢状面平衡,T3-T11的胸椎后凸角及L1-S1的腰椎前凸角)和脊柱平衡。术前术后腰椎(T12-S1)MRI椎间盘退变的评估采用Pfirrmann分级法。

研究结果显示,所有病例随访期末椎间盘退变分级均有加重(图2)。腰椎间盘退变程度低(Pfirrmann分级3级以下)的病例,胸椎后凸角度(28度vs15度)明显高于椎间盘退变程度重的病例(图3,表2)。腰椎前凸平(低)的病例,椎间盘退变程度重。矢状面不平衡与椎间盘退变进展有关。

图2每个节段椎间盘退变术前与随访终末的分布(左)。椎间盘退变相对于内固定终止椎的节段分布(右)。

图3 椎间盘退变程度低与高的病例矢状面参数图

表2 病例按椎间盘退变程度低(19例,分级3级以下)或高(9例,3级以上)

而随访冠状面参数,躯干不平衡,内固定长短及内固定远端终止椎的选择,不影响椎间盘退变。特异性节段性疼痛可归结于高冠状面躯干不平衡(21 vs 11mm)(图4)。

图4 左图:16例非特异疼痛患者脊柱疼痛的分布。右图:随访终末不同部位椎间盘退变与无痛(12例)或非特异疼痛的关系,除外腰痛和多部位痛(9例),包括非特异疼痛和节段痛(12例)。

上述结果显示,青少年脊柱侧弯融合矫形术后,胸背部平背为腰椎间盘退变的危险因素,提示矢状面的不平衡在椎间盘退变发病中的作用。

腰椎间盘退变为体内外多种因素综合作用的结果,对融合后的脊柱侧弯脊柱,邻近节段应力增加,而易于早期发生退变。本研究中,为避免累积的职业因素,选择了随访时间短于10年。本研究的病例随访平均7.5年时年龄尽管为23岁,但所有腰椎椎间盘退变程度均有增加。

本研究表明,胸椎后凸角度低于18度,可显著增加腰椎间盘中度至重度退变的风险。而腰椎前凸角度与椎间盘退变的关系,存在争论。骨盆倾斜等参数与椎间盘退变无明显相关。 

原始出处:

Bernstein P1, Hentschel S2, Platzek I3, Hühne S2, Ettrich U2, Hartmann A2, Seifert J2.Thoracal flat back is a risk factor for lumbar disc degeneration after scoliosis surgery.Spine J. 2014 Jun 1;14(6):925-32. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.426. Epub 2013 Sep 20.

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    2015-06-07 mgqwxj
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    2014-06-27 yyj065
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    2014-06-27 gous
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