nature:研究表明基因“剪刀”并没那么精准

2018-07-19 佚名 中国科学报

研究人员一直对CRISPR基因编辑技术作为一种改变基因组的方法持欢迎态度,但一些人警告说,不需要的DNA改变可能会在未察觉的情况下溜进来。

研究人员一直对CRISPR基因编辑技术作为一种改变基因组的方法持欢迎态度,但一些人警告说,不需要的DNA改变可能会在未察觉的情况下溜进来。

根据7月16日发表于《自然—生物技术》杂志的一篇论文,该工具会导致基因组目标位点附近大量DNA缺失和重组。这样的改变会让实验结果解释混乱,并让设计基于CRISPR疗法的研究复杂化。

CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑依赖于Cas9酶在特定目标位点剪切DNA。细胞随后会试图用一些DNA修复机制重新缝合这一断裂。但这些机制并不总是完美地工作,有时DNA片段会被删除或重新排列,或者不相关的DNA片段会被合并到染色体中。

“细胞会试图把断裂重新缝合起来。”该研究负责人、英国惠康桑格研究所小鼠遗传学家艾伦·布拉德利说,“但它实际上并不知道哪些DNA片段彼此相邻。”

研究人员经常使用CRISPR技术形成小的缺失,希望由此“敲除”某个基因的功能。但在研究CRISPR编辑技术时,布拉德利和同事发现了大量的缺失和复杂的DNA序列重组。这种现象在他们测试的3种细胞类型中都很普遍,其中包括一种在实验室中培育的人体细胞。

许多研究人员会使用一种扩增DNA短片段的方法来测试他们的编辑是否已经完成。但美国马萨诸塞州沃尔瑟姆市布兰迪斯大学分子生物学家詹姆斯·哈伯说,这种方法可能漏掉大量的缺失和重组。

加州拉霍亚市索尔克研究所生物工程师帕特里克·许指出,缺失和重组应该只会在依赖于DNA剪切的基因编辑技术上出现,而不会出现在避免DNA剪切的其他种类的CRISPR修饰技术上。例如,碱基编辑方法会使用一个经过修饰的CRISPR系统,在不切断DNA的情况下,将一个DNA碱基转换成另一个。而其他系统使用与其他酶融合的灭活Cas9来启动或关闭基因,或靶向RNA(核糖核酸)。

一些科学家已经在寻找大量缺失。马萨诸塞州剑桥市eGenesis公司正在利用基因编辑技术设计猪器官并进行移植。该公司共同创始人和首席执行官Luhan Yang说,其研究人员常常会用很多方法寻找各类大小缺失。

同样,剑桥市另一家企业Intellia也在开发基于CRISPR技术的疗法,该公司科学家曾在老鼠肝脏基因编辑研究中寻找大量缺失。但该公司高级副总裁托马斯·巴恩斯说,到目前为止,他们尚未发现此类缺失的证据。他说,这可能是因为其团队使用的细胞不会经常分裂。相比之下,布拉德利和同事的研究则使用了主动分裂细胞。

总而言之,哈伯说,这些不必要的编辑是一个值得更多关注的问题,但这不应该阻止任何人使用CRISPR。“这意味着当人们使用它时,需要作更彻底的分析。”他说,“知道你的改变是否像你认为的那样非常重要。”


原始出处:
Heidi Ledford .CRISPR gene editing produces unwanted DNA deletions,nature.16 July 2018,doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05736-3

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    2018-10-04 liye789132251
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    2018-07-20 kafei

    学习学习谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-20 liumin1987

    好,学习了。

    0

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    2018-07-20 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-07-20 飛歌

    厉害了我的妹

    0

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    2018-07-20 phoebeyan520

    学习学习,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-19 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

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