NMR Biomed:植物人可以通过fMRI与外界意识交流

2014-04-12 MedSci MedSci原创

功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)是通过追踪富氧血液的流动,实时呈现大脑的活动情况,评估大脑活动的一种工具。功能核磁问世20年,为人类认知功能探 索做出了巨大的贡献。近几年,《新英格兰医学》、《nature》、《Science》及《Lancet》连续发表报告证实:①部分植物人大脑中存在接近 正常的意识活动,通过fMRI甚至可与外界形成交流;②意识状态水平和fMRI的大脑网络活动显著相关;③保存良好神

功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)是通过追踪富氧血液的流动,实时呈现大脑的活动情况,评估大脑活动的一种工具。功能核磁问世20年,为人类认知功能探 索做出了巨大的贡献。近几年,《新英格兰医学》、nature、Science及Lancet连续发表报告证实:①部分植物人大脑中存在接近 正常的意识活动,通过fMRI甚至可与外界形成交流;②意识状态水平和fMRI的大脑网络活动显著相关;③保存良好神经网络的患者有较好的预后。2010 年欧文教授的一项研究称接近五分之一的植物人患者能够通过大脑活动进行交流。

北京军区总医院一直从事神经外科大脑损伤研究,特别是持续植物状态(PVS)病人的诊断评估与跟踪研究。日前 (2014/04/05),徐如祥院长带领的植物人研究小组取得重大研究进展,何江宏教授与GE MR科研团队的研究成果发表在磁共振专业顶级技术期刊  NMR in Biomedicine上

此项研究的发表,突破了国际上五个植物人神经外科研究组对该领域的垄断,并打破国内空白,取得国际领先的成果。该研究发现在静息状态下,PVS病人与正常人 的大脑功能活动存在差异。与正常人相比,默认网络DMN中PCC, IPL, Precuneus的活动都降低,以及与自我状态意识密切相关的区域活动水平也同时降低。然而,insula(内感受器)、lingual gyrus(视觉区域)和paracentral(躯体感觉区域)三个区域的活动水平要高于正常人。研究结果说明PVS病人的自我意识(活动水平低)和自 我控制、感受(活动水平较高),两大系统同时存在,形成跷跷板关系。

在本项研究中,利用静息态高清成像技术,研究了植物人与正常被试对照组在静息状态基线下大脑功能的差异。研究发现了与自我意识密切相关脑区的活动水平降低了,而与自我感受密切相关脑区的活动水平增强了。

自我意识系统

研究结果发现MPFC, ACC, PCC, thalamus, OFC, PHIPP, caudate, cuneus, IPL and precuneus这些区域的ALFF降低,表明它们的活动水平较正常对照组处于降低的水平。而这些区域是与自我意识密切相关的。MPFC是DMN网络中 重要的组成部分,在以往的有关植物人、微意识等的研究中,有报道关于MPFC活动水平的降低;研究结果进一步说明意识打分越低,MPFC的活动水平越低。


图1、正常人与持续植物状态病人大脑默认网络的激活差异

自我感受系统

研 究结果发现the insula, lingual gyrus, paracentral and SMA这些区域的ALFF增加,表明它们的活动水平较正常对照组处于较高的水平。而这些区域(Laureys,跷跷板理论)是与自我感受密切相关的。我们 发现Lingual gyrus区域的活动,在植物人组中处于较高的水平。我们的临床研究以及术后的复查发现,经过手术治疗的患者,如果恢复意识或较之前有好转后,是能够重新 看到外界的事物,说明他们的视觉感知系统的功能是正常,当处于植物人或微意识状态时,虽然不能看到外界或者感知外界存在,并不能说明视觉感知系统的功能丧 失了,否则恢复后也就无法重新看到外界事物了。因此,我们的发现表明,患者虽然患者处于植物状态,但结构表明他们的视觉感知系统功能是正常的,而我们假设 是控制它的系统或阀门的功能出现了异常导致的。在Laureys最新的报道中,他们发现了听觉系统的正常活动,而在我们当前的研究中却发现了视觉系统的正 常活动。


图2、正常人与持续植物状态病人大脑ALFF结果差异验证“跷跷板理论”


原始出处:
Hyperactive external awareness against hypoactive internal awareness in disorders of consciousness using resting state fMRI: highlighting the involvement of visuo-motor modulation (作者:何江宏,杨艺,张毅,周振宇,戴宜武,刘一军,徐如祥)。

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    2014-05-29 xjy02
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    2015-02-26 sunylz
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008948, encodeId=a4eb2008948db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4875626990e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62699, encryptionId=4875626990e, topicName=植物人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745164, encodeId=6f421e45164ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc262694bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62694, encryptionId=bdc262694bb, topicName=植物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Tue Jul 08 01:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917035, encodeId=9df9191e03564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Feb 26 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606155, encodeId=8b0b1606155b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Apr 14 13:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=8978, encodeId=cd8389e810, content=只能说植物人并不完全植物!可能还有脑活动,或潜意识。如果真是如此的话,能否通过潜意识的沟通,“激活”植物人?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=xiaobo, createdTime=Sun Apr 13 23:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2008948, encodeId=a4eb2008948db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4875626990e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62699, encryptionId=4875626990e, topicName=植物人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu May 29 14:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745164, encodeId=6f421e45164ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc262694bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62694, encryptionId=bdc262694bb, topicName=植物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Tue Jul 08 01:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917035, encodeId=9df9191e03564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Feb 26 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606155, encodeId=8b0b1606155b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Apr 14 13:41:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=8978, encodeId=cd8389e810, content=只能说植物人并不完全植物!可能还有脑活动,或潜意识。如果真是如此的话,能否通过潜意识的沟通,“激活”植物人?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=xiaobo, createdTime=Sun Apr 13 23:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-04-13 xiaobo

    只能说植物人并不完全植物!可能还有脑活动,或潜意识。如果真是如此的话,能否通过潜意识的沟通,“激活”植物人?

    0

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