盘点:粪便菌群移植近期重要研究进展一览

2017-11-30 MedSci MedSci原创

粪便菌群移植(FMT)是将健康人粪便中的功能菌群移植到患者胃肠道内,重建具有正常功能的肠道菌群,实现肠道及肠道外疾病的治疗。迄今,全世界已有数千例患者接受FMT治疗,这种新型疗法的迅速崛起使越来越多的患者受益。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于FMT的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。【1】粪便菌群移植用于中重度肠易激综合征http://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do

粪便菌群移植(FMT)是将健康人粪便中的功能菌群移植到患者胃肠道内,重建具有正常功能的肠道菌群,实现肠道及肠道外疾病的治疗。迄今,全世界已有数千例患者接受FMT治疗,这种新型疗法的迅速崛起使越来越多的患者受益。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于FMT的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。

【1】粪便菌群移植用于中重度肠易激综合征

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种由肠道失调引起的常见疾病,以腹痛、腹胀和生活质量降低为特征。近日研究人员考察了粪便菌群移植(FMT)对IBS的治疗效果。在这项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照、平行研究中,腹泻或便秘型肠易激综合征患者参与,患者通过ROME III标准确诊,IBS严重程度评估超过175,属于中重度IBS。患者随机接受FMT或安慰剂对照。结果表明,对于中重度肠易激综合征患者,接受粪便菌群移植可改善患者疾病症状。

【2】粪便菌群移植对复发性难辨梭菌感染治疗影响因素

粪便菌群移植(FMT)是一种有效的治疗复发性难辨梭菌感染(CDI)方法。研究表明在FMT后发生细菌定植但CDI病毒改变的数据却鲜有关注。近日研究人员调查了CDI肠道病毒改变以及CDI患者病毒转移与临床结局的关系。研究人员对24名CDI患者和20名健康志愿者进行病毒样颗粒超深宏基因组和细菌16S rRNA序列测序,并分别对9名接受FMT和5名接受万古霉素的CDI患者进行病毒和细菌微生物变化的纵向评估建立肠道病毒变异与治疗反应之间的联系。结果表明,复发性难辨梭菌感染是由肠道病毒失调造成的,粪便菌群移植效果取决于患者噬菌体类群受体水平。

【3】粪便菌群移植治疗难治和复发性CDI是否有效

艰难梭菌感染(CDI)是腹泻最常见的一个院感原因。粪便菌群移植(FMT)用于治疗难治和复发性CDI,但FMT的使用有不确定之处。近期,一项系统评价和荟萃分析调查了FMT治疗难治和复发性CDI的有效性。研究人员检索了MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、试验注册和会议记录,纳入关于FMT治疗难治和复发性CDI的研究,包括7项为随机对照试验,30项为病例系列。结果表明,粪便菌群移植可有效治疗复发和难治性艰难梭菌感染,不受制备和递送路径影响。

【4】粪便菌群移植治疗复发性CDI-新鲜、冷冻还是冻干菌群

粪便菌群移植(FMT)在抗菌药物难治的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)的管理中已成惯例。近期,一项随机临床试验调查了使用结肠镜取出的健康供者便液中的新鲜、冷冻或冻干菌群产品对复发性CDI患者的临床应答和结肠菌群多样性。72名CDI≥3次发作的患者在双盲研究中通过结肠镜随机分配到接受新鲜、冷冻或冻干的FMT产品中,这些产品来自于8名健康供者提供的50g粪便/治疗。结果表明,接受来自于相同供者的新鲜或冷冻粪便产品的患者中,观察到了粪便菌群移植的相似的有效性。冻干产品与新鲜产品相比,具有稍微差的有效性,但是在粪便菌群移植后1个月时的微生物恢复上,与其他治疗相似。

【5】肠道菌群移植,HBeAg持续阳性患者的福音

对于HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者,HBeAg血清学转换是抗病毒治疗的先决条件。然而,即使多年使用恩替卡韦或替诺福韦酯进行抗病毒治疗,患者中也仅有小部分人出现血清学转换。肠道菌群在年龄相关的免疫清除HBV中发挥重要作用。研究人员使用恩替卡韦或替诺福韦酯进行抗病毒治疗时间超过3年且持续HBeAg阳性的18位患者纳入研究。根据患者意愿,5位患者纳入肠道菌群移植组,其余13位患者纳入对照组。所有患者继续以往的抗病毒治疗。结果显示,与基线相比,移植组的患者HBeAg滴度明显降低,且表现为每次移植后逐渐减低。在移植组,2位患者在一次移植后实现HBeAg清除,1位患者在4次移植后实现。相比之下,对照组没有患者出现HBeAg清除。HBV DNA在每次移植后4周进行检测,均低于检测下限。随访结束,没有观察到HBeAg再转换。移植组患者治疗期间未出现腹部不适、腹泻、便秘等显着的不良反应。

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    2017-12-02 Homburg
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    2017-11-30 135****7952平儿

    学了......

    0

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    2017-11-30 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得推荐

    0