世界卒中日|卒中预防有“四要”,快速识别谨记FAST

2017-10-30 陈运/上海中医药大学附属龙华医院脑病科副主任医师 澎湃新闻

今年10月29日是第十二个“世界卒中日”。卒中,俗称“中风”,具有高发病率、高复发率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点。在我国,脑卒中已经成为导致城乡居民死亡的第一大病因,且发病率正以每年8.7%的速率递增。如果不采取有效措施,预计到2030年,中国预计将有3177万名脑卒中患者。什么是脑卒中?脑卒中是一组突然起病的脑血液循环障碍而导致的疾病,如果脑的供血动脉发生了堵塞,那么它所供应的脑组织就会出现缺血坏

今年10月29日是第十二个“世界卒中日”。卒中,俗称“中风”,具有高发病率、高复发率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点。在我国,脑卒中已经成为导致城乡居民死亡的第一大病因,且发病率正以每年8.7%的速率递增。如果不采取有效措施,预计到2030年,中国预计将有3177万名脑卒中患者。

什么是脑卒中?

脑卒中是一组突然起病的脑血液循环障碍而导致的疾病,如果脑的供血动脉发生了堵塞,那么它所供应的脑组织就会出现缺血坏死,这种情况就是人们常说的“脑梗死”或者“缺血性脑卒中”;反之,如果供血动脉发生破裂,那么它就会导致脑内出血,也就是“脑溢血”或“出血性脑卒中”。

哪些人群易发生脑卒中?

脑卒中风险评估主要包括以下8项内容:

1.高血压病史(≥ 140/80mmhg),或正在服用降压药;

2.房颤和心瓣膜病;

3.吸烟;

4.血脂异常或未知;

5.糖尿病

6.很少进行体育活动(体育锻炼的标准是每周锻炼≥ 3次、每次≥ 30分钟、持续时间超过1年。从事体力劳动可视为有体育活动);

7.明显超重或肥胖(BMI ≥ 26/kg/m2)

8.有卒中家族史。

如有高血压糖尿病、心房颤动、高脂血症之一者,就为中危人群;具有3项及以上危险因素,或既往有脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作病史者,发生脑卒中的风险就很高了。

如何识别脑卒中?

推荐使用FAST原则(FAST四个字母分别代表四个单词:Face,Arm,Speech,Time)快速识别脑卒中:

Face:患者有无面部不对称,俗称口角歪斜、口眼歪斜、嘴歪了等等;

Arm:患者有无上肢力弱,是否可以双上肢平举;

Speech:患者是否可以流利、清晰地说话,有无言语功能障碍;

Time:如果卒中患者能够在3小时内得到及时救治,大脑受损的概率就会降低。

如果上述三点中出现任一问题,那就立即就医!

如何预防脑卒中?


生活饮食习惯与脑卒中的发生关系密切,如高盐高脂饮食、吸烟、酗酒、缺乏体育锻炼等都已证实是脑卒中的危险因素。因此,脑卒中的预防要以“健康四大基石”为主要内容,即“合理膳食,适量运动,戒烟限酒,心理平衡”。应重点注意以下4点:

1.高血压患者,应注意控制高血压,坚持服用降压药物。

2.高血脂应注意饮食和运动,必要时服用调脂药物。

3.糖尿病患者和高危人群,应积极治疗糖尿病。

4.房颤或有其他心脏疾病者,应控制心脏病等危险因素。

此外,在日常生活行为中要注意以下10点:

1.饮食要清淡。

2.适度体育活动。

3.克服不良的嗜好,如吸烟、酗酒、久坐等。

4.防止过度劳累。

5.老年人应避免过快的体位改变、便秘,注意冷暖。

6.注意气候变化。

7.每天饮水要充足,避免脱水。

8.看电视、上网等不要太久。

9.保持情绪稳定,心情愉快。

10.定期进行健康体检,发现问题早防早治。

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    2018-01-24 gracezdd
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    2017-12-19 JR19860219
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