Nat Biothechnol:装上了迷你版PD-1抗体的CAR-T细胞,对抗实体瘤如鱼得水

2018-08-15 小博 医麦客

MSKCC(纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心)的科学家宣布他们已经建立了最新的工程化细胞,其具有强大的“装甲”战备,将两种最具潜力的免疫疗法——CAR-T细胞和检查点抑制剂组合在了一起,能够有效对抗实体瘤。

MSKCC(纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心)的科学家宣布他们已经建立了最新的工程化细胞,其具有强大的“装甲”战备,将两种最具潜力的免疫疗法——CAR-T细胞和检查点抑制剂组合在了一起,能够有效对抗实体瘤。


左:Eureka Therapeutics,优瑞科创始人兼CEO刘诚博士(图片来源 eureka)

右:CAR-T细胞治疗领域的先驱,MSKCC的Renier Brentjens博士(图片来源 mskcc)

这一突破性研究由Eureka Therapeutics (优瑞科公司)和MSK共同合作,主要负责人为刘诚博士和Renier Brentjens博士,并于2018年8月13日发表在Nature子刊《Nature Biotechnology》上。

直接分泌PD-1抗体的CAR-T

虽然CAR-T细胞本身在治疗某些血液癌症方面取得了显着的成功。然而,到目前为止,其并没有足够的能力消灭实体肿瘤。另一方面,检查点抑制剂已被证明在增强免疫系统抗击各种实体瘤方面非常有效,但这类疗法会产生严重的免疫相关副作用。


分泌PD-1单链抗体的装甲CAR-T细胞(图片来源 nature)

MSK细胞治疗中心主任,CAR治疗的先驱之一Renier Brentjens博士表示:“退后一步,我们当时在想如何才能让CAR-T细胞变得更好?于是便决定尝试将两种有前景的方法结合在一起。”


直接分泌PD-1单链抗体的CAR-T细胞(上)与PD-1抗体联合CAR-T细胞治疗小鼠肿瘤的有效性对比(图片来源 nature)

通过将检查点抑制剂直接设计到CAR-T细胞本身,MSK团队相信他们可以利用CAR-T强大的免疫刺激功能来限制这些药物的副作用。

彰显抗癌持久性和有效性

新设计的CAR-T细胞分泌一种迷你版本的检查点阻断抗体(ScFvs are smaller),该抗体类似于PD-1抗体药物nivolumab(Opdivo)和pembrolizumab(Keytruda),且它们被批准用于治疗几种类型的癌症。这种抗体能够结合一种被称为PD-1的蛋白质,而PD-1相当于T细胞的刹车蛋白。因此理论上来说,释放这种制动能够使CAR-T细胞和周围的免疫细胞更好地对抗疾病。


两个版本(CD19/ MUC16)的装甲CAR(图片来源 nature)

基于此,MSK联合优瑞科团队制作了两个版本的“装甲CAR”。其中一个以CD19为靶点,CD19 在大多数B细胞血液肿瘤表面表达;另外一个是以MUC16为靶点,其在一些卵巢癌胰腺癌中表达。然后,该研究团队在几种不同的小鼠癌症模型中测试了这两种版本的CAR-T细胞。


分泌RMP1-14(PD-1抗体) scFv的CAR-T细胞增强小鼠抗肿瘤活性(图片来源 nature)


分泌E27(PD-1抗体) scFv的CAR-T细胞增强小鼠抗肿瘤活性(图片来源 nature)

结果发现:在所有情况下,包括小鼠实体瘤模型,“装甲CAR”在体内的持续时间均比标准CAR更长。同时,还产生了更好的治疗结果,相比较于传统CAR,小鼠的寿命获得了显着延长。

更重要的是,因为检查点药物直接释放到肿瘤中,激活附近的T细胞,从而创造了一个有利的旁观者效应。换句话说,就是CAR- T细胞能够获得其他T细胞的帮助以对抗肿瘤。


由CAR-T细胞分泌的PD-1阻断性E27 scFv仅在局部肿瘤微环境中检测到(图片来源 nature)

最后,研究小组还发现PD-1抗体的水平在循环血液中较低,表明检查点分子没有远远离开肿瘤部位。而这一点也相当重要,因为这意味着全身的副作用会减少。

对此,Brentjens博士评价道:“这证明了(至少在小鼠模型中),鱼与熊掌是可以兼得的。”

与此同时,他强调这种方法可以被认为是为CAR治疗提供的新平台。基于此,我们可以根据患者的需求量身定制,建立分泌各种不同分子的CAR-T细胞,而不仅限于PD-1抗体这种药物。

现在,研究团队希望将他们的“新装甲CAR”技术平台转移到临床上,且正在设计临床试验。

原始出处:Sarwish Rafiq, Oladapo O Yeku, Hollie J Jackson, et al. Targeted delivery of a PD-1-blocking scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Nat Biothechnol. 13 August 2018

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    2019-07-24 仁心济世
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    2018-10-14 liye789132251
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    2019-02-12 sunylz
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    2018-08-20 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    a:¥CnTwb1llNAq¥

    0

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    2018-08-15 ylzr123

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

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    2018-08-15 asuraxia

    感觉很有希望,更高效,更小的副作用。

    0

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