2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识

2016-10-30 CSCO 神经内分泌肿瘤专家委员会 临床肿瘤学杂志.2016,21(10):927-946.

2013年CSCO神经内分泌肿瘤专家委员会曾经制定了第1版的中国GEP-NENs诊治共识,对于全国医师提高认识GEP-NENs 起到了积极作用。经过了3年的临床实践,结合国内、外的研究进展,专家委员会组织讨论,对于第1版共识进行了修订更新,现在公布。在第2版共识中,NENs 仍然包括所有高、中、低分化的神经内分泌肿瘤;NETs( neuroendocrine tumors) 是指高、中分化的神经内

中文标题:

2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识

发布日期:

2016-10-30

简要介绍:

NENs是一类起源于干细胞且具有神经内分泌标记物、能够产生生物活性胺和/或多肽激素的肿瘤。其中,胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neuroplasms,GEP-NENs)主要发生在消化道或胰腺,能产生5-羟色胺代谢产物或多肽激素,如胰高血糖素、胰岛素、胃泌素或促肾上腺皮质激素等。如果肿瘤分泌的激素能引起相应的临床症状,归为功能性NENs;如果血和尿液中可以检测到胰多肽(pancreatic polypeptide,PP)等激素水平升高,却无相关症状(即使存在肿瘤压迫的表现),通常归为无功能性NENs。


长期以来,由于临床医师对NENs的认识不足,导致此类疾病常常成为“疑难杂症”。过去的许多年里,NENs患者的生存状况几无改观;但是近年来,随着重视程度的提高、有关研究的深入和分子靶向治疗的进步,NENs的诊疗现状业已获得显著改变。


影像学检查


pNENs肿瘤生长的位置和转移情况是决定能否根治性切除的关键。推荐的影像学检测手段,包括CT、MRI、生长抑素受体显像(somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy,SRS)、PET-CT、超声检查、超声内镜(Endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)、术中超声(intraoperative ultrasound,IOUS)及选择性血管造影等。


3.1 常规检测手段


常规检测手段包括增强CT、MRI、超声检查及EUS。39%的pNENs可采用超声检查协助诊断,而CT联合MRI的灵敏度可达75%~79%。北京协和医院曾分析99例胰岛素瘤患者的影像学资料表明,与常规的影像学检测相比,胰腺灌注CT对于胰岛素瘤诊断的敏感性和特异性较高。一般认为,EUS对于pNENs原发灶的检出率较高,但用于检测十二指肠微小肿瘤则灵敏度大大下降。当怀疑患者可能为胃泌素瘤或者胰岛素瘤,而超声检查未能发现肿瘤时,应当采用EUS仔细检查胰腺和十二指肠,必要时在EUS引导下行细针穿刺活检。另外,EUS可以判断肿瘤与胰导管及邻近血管的关系,评估手术的可行性并决定手术方式。如果以上检查均无法取得活检组织,则应考虑采用手术探查活检进行病理诊断和分型。


3.2 特殊检测手段


(1)生长抑素受体显像(somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy,SRS):对于pNETs(G1/G2)的灵敏度和特异性可分别达到90%和80%;但对于G3患者不常规推荐,除非其Ki-67<55%。SRS首选用于判断肿瘤的分期、肝转移及其他远处转移。多篇文献报道,在传统影像学检测的基础上,15%~45%胃泌素瘤及其他RFTs的治疗方案会因为增加了SRS而发生改变,但是,SRS对于<1cm肿瘤的漏诊率可达50%。由于胰岛素瘤的生长抑素受体2、3、5亚型的水平相对较低,采取SRS检测局限期胰岛素瘤时灵敏度明显下降。


(2)正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)和PET-CT:研究表明,检查尤其是68镓标记生长抑素类似物的PET,较SRS以及其他检测手段更为灵敏,对于pNETs的检测具有很高的特异性。多项研究证实,采用68Ga-PET-CT会改变20%~55%患者的治疗决策。对于初诊的pNETs,建议采用68Ga-PET-CT明确分期。18F-FDG标记的PET-CT对于分化好的肿瘤敏感性低,但是对于侵袭性强、分化差的pNEC具有一定的诊断价值。


(3)选择性血管造影(selective angiography,SAG)等:对于疑诊为胰岛素瘤和胃泌素瘤的患者,可采用SAG、经动脉钙剂刺激肝静脉取血检测胃泌素和胰岛素等手段帮助诊断,但是这些检查的具有一定的创伤性,建议在经验丰富的中心开展。由于各家医院影像科的硬件条件和医师水平存在明显差异,即使采用同一种检测手段,不同的医院获得的结果也可能有所不同。主诊医师应根据患者的病情、经济状况、医院的硬件条件和影像科医师的技术水平,以及检测手段的灵敏度,综合评估和选择最合适的检测手段。


拓展指南:内分泌肿瘤相关指南:

相关资料下载:
[AttachmentFileName(sort=100, fileName=2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识)] GetToolGuiderByIdResponse(projectId=1, id=a52751c0013386e8, title=2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识, enTitle=, guiderFrom=临床肿瘤学杂志.2016,21(10):927-946., authorId=null, author=, summary=2013年CSCO神经内分泌肿瘤专家委员会曾经制定了第1版的中国GEP-NENs诊治共识,对于全国医师提高认识GEP-NENs 起到了积极作用。经过了3年的临床实践,结合国内、外的研究进展,专家委员会组织讨论,对于第1版共识进行了修订更新,现在公布。在第2版共识中,NENs 仍然包括所有高、中、低分化的神经内分泌肿瘤;NETs( neuroendocrine tumors) 是指高、中分化的神经内, cover=, journalId=null, articlesId=null, associationId=968, associationName=CSCO 神经内分泌肿瘤专家委员会, associationIntro=null, copyright=0, guiderPublishedTime=Sun Oct 30 00:00:00 CST 2016, originalUrl=, linkOutUrl=, content=<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;">NENs是一类起源于干细胞且具有神经内分泌标记物、能够产生生物活性胺和/或多肽激素的肿瘤。其中,胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neuroplasms,GEP-NENs)主要发生在消化道或胰腺,能产生5-羟色胺代谢产物或多肽激素,如胰高血糖素、胰岛素、胃泌素或促肾上腺皮质激素等。如果肿瘤分泌的激素能引起相应的临床症状,归为功能性NENs;如果血和尿液中可以检测到胰多肽(pancreatic polypeptide,PP)等激素水平升高,却无相关症状(即使存在肿瘤压迫的表现),通常归为无功能性NENs。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;">长期以来,由于临床医师对NENs的认识不足,导致此类疾病常常成为“疑难杂症”。过去的许多年里,NENs患者的生存状况几无改观;但是近年来,随着重视程度的提高、有关研究的深入和分子靶向治疗的进步,NENs的诊疗现状业已获得显著改变。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);">影像学检查</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;">pNENs肿瘤生长的位置和转移情况是决定能否根治性切除的关键。推荐的影像学检测手段,包括CT、MRI、生长抑素受体显像(somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy,SRS)、PET-CT、超声检查、超声内镜(Endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)、术中超声(intraoperative ultrasound,IOUS)及选择性血管造影等。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">3.1 常规检测手段</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;">常规检测手段包括增强CT、MRI、超声检查及EUS。39%的pNENs可采用超声检查协助诊断,而CT联合MRI的灵敏度可达75%~79%。北京协和医院曾分析99例胰岛素瘤患者的影像学资料表明,与常规的影像学检测相比,胰腺灌注CT对于胰岛素瘤诊断的敏感性和特异性较高。一般认为,EUS对于pNENs原发灶的检出率较高,但用于检测十二指肠微小肿瘤则灵敏度大大下降。当怀疑患者可能为胃泌素瘤或者胰岛素瘤,而超声检查未能发现肿瘤时,应当采用EUS仔细检查胰腺和十二指肠,必要时在EUS引导下行细针穿刺活检。另外,EUS可以判断肿瘤与胰导管及邻近血管的关系,评估手术的可行性并决定手术方式。如果以上检查均无法取得活检组织,则应考虑采用手术探查活检进行病理诊断和分型。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">3.2 特殊检测手段</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(1)生长抑素受体显像(somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy,SRS):</span>对于pNETs(G1/G2)的灵敏度和特异性可分别达到90%和80%;但对于G3患者不常规推荐,除非其Ki-67<55%。SRS首选用于判断肿瘤的分期、肝转移及其他远处转移。多篇文献报道,在传统影像学检测的基础上,15%~45%胃泌素瘤及其他RFTs的治疗方案会因为增加了SRS而发生改变,但是,SRS对于<1cm肿瘤的漏诊率可达50%。由于胰岛素瘤的生长抑素受体2、3、5亚型的水平相对较低,采取SRS检测局限期胰岛素瘤时灵敏度明显下降。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(2)正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)和PET-CT:</span>研究表明,检查尤其是68镓标记生长抑素类似物的PET,较SRS以及其他检测手段更为灵敏,对于pNETs的检测具有很高的特异性。多项研究证实,采用68Ga-PET-CT会改变20%~55%患者的治疗决策。对于初诊的pNETs,建议采用68Ga-PET-CT明确分期。18F-FDG标记的PET-CT对于分化好的肿瘤敏感性低,但是对于侵袭性强、分化差的pNEC具有一定的诊断价值。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(3)选择性血管造影(selective angiography,SAG)等:</span>对于疑诊为胰岛素瘤和胃泌素瘤的患者,可采用SAG、经动脉钙剂刺激肝静脉取血检测胃泌素和胰岛素等手段帮助诊断,但是这些检查的具有一定的创伤性,建议在经验丰富的中心开展。由于各家医院影像科的硬件条件和医师水平存在明显差异,即使采用同一种检测手段,不同的医院获得的结果也可能有所不同。主诊医师应根据患者的病情、经济状况、医院的硬件条件和影像科医师的技术水平,以及检测手段的灵敏度,综合评估和选择最合适的检测手段。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both;"><br></p>拓展指南:<strong>与<font color="red">内分泌肿瘤</font>相关指南:</strong><br><ul><li><a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/show_article.do?id=a52751c0013386e8" title="2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识(2016年版)" target="_blank">2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识(2016年版)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/show_article.do?id=693221c00133e9e7" title="2016 ENETS共识指南:胃十二指肠神经内分泌肿瘤(更新版)" target="_blank">2016 ENETS共识指南:胃十二指肠神经内分泌肿瘤(更新版)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/show_article.do?id=8599b1c00129131c" title="2016 NCCN临床实践指南:神经内分泌肿瘤(2016.V2)" target="_blank">2016 NCCN临床实践指南:神经内分泌肿瘤(2016.V2)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/show_article.do?id=0cd1a1c001203a92" title="2014年NET肝转移共识会议指南:转移性神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)肝动脉内治疗的作用" target="_blank">2014年NET肝转移共识会议指南:转移性神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)肝动脉内治疗的作用</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/show_article.do?id=ba30a1c0011880f9" title="2014 AME立场声明:胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤临床诊断方法" target="_blank">2014 AME立场声明:胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤临床诊断方法</a></li> 更多信息请点击:<a href="http://www.medsci.cn/guideline/list.do?q=%E5%86%85%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" target="_blank">有关内分泌肿瘤更多指南</a></ul>, tagList=[TagDto(tagId=1095, tagName=胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤)], categoryList=[CategoryDto(categoryId=85, categoryName=指南&解读, tenant=100), CategoryDto(categoryId=21100, categoryName=达仁堂循证e学界, tenant=100)], articleKeywordId=null, articleKeyword=null, articleKeywordNum=null, guiderKeywordId=null, guiderKeyword=null, guiderKeywordNum=null, haveAttachments=1, attachmentList=null, guiderType=0, guiderArea=共识, guiderLanguage=1, guiderRegion=3, opened=0, paymentType=null, paymentAmount=10, recommend=0, recommendEndTime=null, sticky=0, stickyEndTime=null, allHits=10805, appHits=477, showAppHits=5, pcHits=8140, showPcHits=3235, likes=150, shares=23, comments=6, approvalStatus=1, publishedTime=Fri Dec 02 18:35:13 CST 2016, publishedTimeString=2016-10-30, pcVisible=1, appVisible=1, editorId=5295957, editor=lili, waterMark=0, formatted=0, memberCards=[], isPrivilege=0, deleted=0, version=1, createdBy=null, createdName=lili, createdTime=Fri Dec 02 18:35:13 CST 2016, updatedBy=null, updatedName=null, updatedTime=Sat Jan 06 03:28:00 CST 2024, courseDetails=[], otherVersionGuiders=[], isGuiderMember=false, ipAttribution=, attachmentFileNameList=[AttachmentFileName(sort=100, fileName=2016 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤专家共识)])
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    2016-12-07 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2016-12-07 jetleo

    很好的指南

    0

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    2016-12-05 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-12-04 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2016-12-03 1e160a78m83(暂无匿称)

    内分泌肿瘤

    0