2016 中国儿童急性感染性腹泻病临床实践指南

2016-07-15 中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组 中华儿科杂志.2016,54(7):483-488.

为了更好地帮助临床医生恰当地管理急性感染性腹泻患儿,中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组及《中华儿科杂志》编辑部委员会再次组织儿科消化病、感染病以及流行病学专家组成的专家工作组,在原有的“专家共识”基础上,参考WHO及UNICEF的“腹泻病临床管理指南”以及美国、英国等有关腹泻病的指南,根据循证医学原则分析国内外截至2013年6月的临床研究资料,制定“中国儿童急性感染性腹泻病临床实践指南”,以便给儿科医生

中文标题:

2016 中国儿童急性感染性腹泻病临床实践指南

发布日期:

2016-07-15

简要介绍:

感染性腹泻病是全球发病率高和流行广泛的传染病,对人类尤其是儿童的健康危害严重。在我国,根据一些省份的入户调查资料,全人口的腹泻病发病率为0.17—0.70次/人年,5岁以下儿童则为2.50~3.38次/人年。
 
儿童急性感染性腹泻通常由胃肠道病毒和细菌感染所致,临床上常伴或不伴呕吐、恶心、发热、腹痛等症状。儿童急性感染性腹泻的病因多为病毒感染,以轮状病毒、诺如病毒最为常见,细菌病原包括大肠埃希菌属、弯曲菌属、沙门菌属以及志贺菌属等。
 
我国小儿腹泻病调查结果显示,每年有2个发病季节高峰,一个高峰为6至8月,主要病原为致泻性大肠埃希菌和痢疾杆菌,另一高峰为10至12月,主要病原为轮状病毒。
 
无论何种病因所致的急性感染性腹泻,治疗方法主要为补液治疗[口服补液盐(ORS)、静脉补液]以预防和治疗水电解质紊乱及酸碱失衡、饮食治疗、药物治疗。
 
为了规范腹泻病的诊治,2009年中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组、感染学组及《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)2005年联合发表的腹泻管理推荐指南,制定了“儿童腹泻病诊断治疗原则的专家共识”,强调腹泻病管理中脱水征的识别、El服补液、继续喂养,提倡母乳喂养,推荐使用低渗ORS和补锌治疗。
 
“专家共识”的推行和实施,在规范腹泻病治疗、早期应用ORS预防和纠正脱水、减少静脉补液、减少抗生素滥用方面起到了积极的作用,取得了一些效果。但是上述治疗方法以及众多药物的疗效、安全性和经济学指标如何,是广大儿科医务工作者所关注的。
 
为了更好地帮助临床医生恰当地管理急性感染性腹泻患儿,中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组及《中华儿科杂志》编辑部委员会再次组织儿科消化病、感染病以及流行病学专家组成的专家工作组,在原有的“专家共识”基础上,参考WHO及UNICEF的“腹泻病临床管理指南”以及美国、英国等有关腹泻病的指南,根据循证医学原则分析国内外截至2013年6月的临床研究资料,制定“中国儿童急性感染性腹泻病临床实践指南”,以便给儿科医生在临床实践时参考。关于诊断、口服补液、继续喂养、补锌治疗等已成为定论的,本临床实践指南将应用原有的共识和其他指南的证据。

 
对于争论较大的一些治疗方法,包括儿童急性腹泻病重度脱水扩容选择液体、去乳糖饮食、抗病毒药物、抗生素、非特异止泻药物(微生态制剂、蒙脱石、消旋卡多曲等)的应用,提出临床问题,对提出的临床问题分别检索文献、收集证据,应用循证学方法进行证据评定形成初步推荐意见,然后采用开放式讨论征求专家意见,形成推荐意见。

制定者: 
中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组 
《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会 

拓展指南:急性感染性腹泻相关指南:

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#插入话题
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    2021-04-01 ms5000000905288293

    学习

    0

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    2020-10-04 1381fbb937m

    非常实用

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953002, encodeId=a25a953002ee, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1705391291, createdName=ms5000000905288293, createdTime=Thu Apr 01 09:37:04 CST 2021, time=2021-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=890093, encodeId=7b38890093aa, content=非常实用, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61962126081, createdName=1381fbb937m, createdTime=Sun Oct 04 20:01:37 CST 2020, time=2020-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=885691, encodeId=704a885691bc, content=很详细, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epmBmNzSU9poicjJ5J2QuokRup2pALB2IAbrjTO6WZtexdwnXMCgECsm2KjV1UgMq9oVcXeNEia5TOw/132, createdBy=ace22515861, createdName=hblhbl888, createdTime=Wed Sep 16 09:12:55 CST 2020, time=2020-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265098, encodeId=050826509883, content=苹果平板电脑下载了怎么删除, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31672206654, createdName=120c7a70m51暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 28 19:04:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187168, encodeId=0abe18e1688d, content=非常详细, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzXprUCFDMuY1SXH96r8MdtExF6fhSNLulicdUBcsodicYROXqf5icqDWFAOicfEqYtDcjL6HvrQrvmO1/0, createdBy=db841700299, createdName=克勤, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 20:48:05 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-16 hblhbl888

    很详细

    0

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    2017-11-28 120c7a70m51暂无昵称

    苹果平板电脑下载了怎么删除

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953002, encodeId=a25a953002ee, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1705391291, createdName=ms5000000905288293, createdTime=Thu Apr 01 09:37:04 CST 2021, time=2021-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=890093, encodeId=7b38890093aa, content=非常实用, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=61962126081, createdName=1381fbb937m, createdTime=Sun Oct 04 20:01:37 CST 2020, time=2020-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=885691, encodeId=704a885691bc, content=很详细, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epmBmNzSU9poicjJ5J2QuokRup2pALB2IAbrjTO6WZtexdwnXMCgECsm2KjV1UgMq9oVcXeNEia5TOw/132, createdBy=ace22515861, createdName=hblhbl888, createdTime=Wed Sep 16 09:12:55 CST 2020, time=2020-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265098, encodeId=050826509883, content=苹果平板电脑下载了怎么删除, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=31672206654, createdName=120c7a70m51暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 28 19:04:21 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187168, encodeId=0abe18e1688d, content=非常详细, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzXprUCFDMuY1SXH96r8MdtExF6fhSNLulicdUBcsodicYROXqf5icqDWFAOicfEqYtDcjL6HvrQrvmO1/0, createdBy=db841700299, createdName=克勤, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 20:48:05 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-13 克勤

    非常详细

    0