Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Optimization for Offshore Prestressed Concrete–Steel Hybrid Wind Turbine Support Structure with Pile Foundation Using a Parallel Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050826 (registering DOI) - 15 May 2024
Abstract
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The prestressed concrete–steel hybrid (PCSH) support structure, which replaces the lower part of the traditional support with a concrete segment, is a prospective support structure solution for ultrahigh wind turbines. Taking a 5.5 MW wind turbine support structure founded on a jacket substructure
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The prestressed concrete–steel hybrid (PCSH) support structure, which replaces the lower part of the traditional support with a concrete segment, is a prospective support structure solution for ultrahigh wind turbines. Taking a 5.5 MW wind turbine support structure founded on a jacket substructure with pile foundation as an example, an optimized design of the corresponding PCSH support structure with pile foundation for offshore wind turbine is conducted considering the soil–structure interaction (SSI) and the effect of water pressure. The construction cost of the proposed structure is treated as the objective function and minimized with a parallel modified particle swarm optimization (PMPSO) algorithm where the physical dimensions of each part of the PCSH wind turbine support structure are treated as optimization variables. Eleven optimization constraints are considered under both the serviceability limit state (SLS) and the ultimate limit state (ULS) according to relevant specifications and industry standards. A penalty function strategy is introduced to make sure that these constraints are fulfilled. The mechanical behavior and the cost of the optimal PCSH support structure with pile foundation are analyzed and are compared with those of the original design with a traditional steel tube tower founded on a jacket substructure. The results show that the cost and levelized cost of energy (LCOE), a comprehensive evaluation, of the optimized PCSH support decrease obviously with the PMPSO algorithm, which can provide advanced mechanic behavior including natural frequency, top deformation, and anti-overturning capacity. Compared with the PSO algorithm, the PMPSO algorithm has better performance in the procedure of PCSH support for offshore wind turbine optimization.
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Positional Calibration Method for an Underwater Acoustic Beacon Array Based on the Equivalent Virtual Long Baseline Positioning Model
by
Ge Zhang, Guoxing Yi, Zhennan Wei, Yangguang Xie and Ziyang Qi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050825 (registering DOI) - 15 May 2024
Abstract
The performance of long baseline (LBL) positioning systems is significantly impacted by the distribution and positional calibration accuracy of underwater acoustic beacon arrays. In previous calibration methods for beacon arrays based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platforms, the slant range information of each
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The performance of long baseline (LBL) positioning systems is significantly impacted by the distribution and positional calibration accuracy of underwater acoustic beacon arrays. In previous calibration methods for beacon arrays based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platforms, the slant range information of each beacon was processed independently, and each beacon was calibrated one at a time. This approach not only decreases the calibration efficiency but also leaves the positional calibration accuracy of each beacon highly susceptible to the navigation trajectory of the AUV. To overcome these limitations, an equivalent virtual LBL (EVLBL) positioning model is introduced in this paper. This model operates by adjusting the positions of each beacon according to the dead reckoning increments computed during the AUV’s reception of positioning signals, effectively forming a virtual beacon array. Consequently, the AUV is capable of mitigating LBL positioning errors that arise from its motion by simultaneously receiving positioning signals from all beacons. Additionally, an overall calibration method for beacon arrays based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. In this approach, the minimization of the deviation between the EVLBL trajectory and the dead reckoning trajectory is set as the optimization objective, and the coordinates of each beacon are iteratively optimized. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EVLBL-based PSO algorithm (EVPSO) significantly enhanced the calibration efficiency and positional accuracy of the beacon array. Compared with conventional methods, the estimation error of the beacon positions was reduced from 6.40 m to within 1.00 m. After compensating for the beacon array positions, the positioning error of the LBL system decreased from approximately 5.00 m (with conventional methods) to around 1.00 m (with EVPSO), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigation and Detection Fusion for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)
Open AccessArticle
Sensitivity Simulations of Wind-driven Water Circulation in İzmit Bay
by
Sabri Mutlu, Barış Önol, Mehmet Ilıcak and Hüsne Altıok
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050824 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
İzmit Bay, a 50 km long inlet at the eastern end of the Marmara Sea, is crucial for the region’s economy, culture, and marine ecosystem. The bay’s water circulation regulates nutrient distribution, stratification, sedimentation, oxygen levels, heat, and pollution levels. It is also
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İzmit Bay, a 50 km long inlet at the eastern end of the Marmara Sea, is crucial for the region’s economy, culture, and marine ecosystem. The bay’s water circulation regulates nutrient distribution, stratification, sedimentation, oxygen levels, heat, and pollution levels. It is also influenced by meteorological events, such as short-term moderate to strong wind conditions. This study investigated the sensitivity of İzmit Bay Water Circulation to wind speed, direction, and duration using the MITgcm model with Orlanski boundary conditions and process-oriented modeling. The simulations showed that under weak forcing conditions, seawater temperature, salinity, and stratification do not significantly vary. However, strong forcing and wind speeds (statistically defined by percentiles of observation data) of 4.9 m/s (75%), 6.7 m/s (90%), and 10.1 m/s (99%) generate significant mesoscale and sub-mesoscale processes, depending on the direction. Westerly component winds cause downwelling at the eastern coastline, while easterly component winds bring sub-surface water to the surface. Strong winds from N, NE, and E sectors lead to the rise in lower-layer waters in the western basin, forcing them to overflow through the Hersek Delta sill into the central basin. Overall, severe wind events greater than 4.9 m/s (75%) significantly affect the bay’s hydrography by transforming the upper layer, with a decrease in temperature up to 5 °C and an increase in salinity up to 10 ppt.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
A Methodology to Evaluate the Real-Time Stability of Submarine Slopes under Rapid Sedimentation
by
Zehao Wang, Defeng Zheng, Zhongde Gu, Xingsen Guo and Tingkai Nian
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050823 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Rapid sedimentation is widely recognized as a crucial factor in initiating the instability of submarine slopes. Once the slope fails, the subsequent landslide poses a significant threat to the safety of underwater infrastructures and potentially leads to severe damage to seabed pipelines, offshore
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Rapid sedimentation is widely recognized as a crucial factor in initiating the instability of submarine slopes. Once the slope fails, the subsequent landslide poses a significant threat to the safety of underwater infrastructures and potentially leads to severe damage to seabed pipelines, offshore foundations, and oil and gas exploitation wells. However, there is currently a lack of numerical methods to effectively assess the real-time stability of submarine slopes under rapid sedimentation. This study firstly employs a calibrated finite element (FE) model-change approach to reproduce the rapid sedimentation processes and proposes a concise method to calculate the safety factors for the real-time stability of sedimenting submarine slopes. Further, a parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of varying sedimentation rates on slope stability, and the critical sedimentation rate is numerically solved. Moreover, the effect of seismic events with different occurring times on the stability of rapidly sedimenting slopes is investigated in depth, and the most critical seismic loading pattern among various acceleration combinations is achieved. The results indicate that the presence of weak layers during sedimentation is a critical factor contributing to slope instability. The introduced rate of decrease in the safety factor proves valuable in assessing slope safety over a specific period. As the occurrence time of seismic events is delayed, the seismic resistance of the slope decreases, increasing the likelihood of shallower sliding surfaces. The findings offer insights into the mechanisms by which rapid sedimentation influences the stability of submarine slopes and provide valuable insights for predicting the potential instability of rapidly sedimenting slopes under specific seismic activity levels.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Marine Geomechanics and Geotechnics)
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Open AccessArticle
Mechanism of Speed Loss Reduction and Propulsion Efficiency Improvement of ONR Tumblehome with Active-Controlled Stern Flaps in Resonance Waves
by
Lei Zhang, Chuanshun Du, Yongsen Ni, Yuchen Shang and Jianing Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050822 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The stern flap is a practical hull appendage equipment that enhances ship navigation performance and saves energy. The existing studies mainly focus on the fixed stern flap, other than an actively controlled one, so it is worth further exploring its effect and mechanism.
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The stern flap is a practical hull appendage equipment that enhances ship navigation performance and saves energy. The existing studies mainly focus on the fixed stern flap, other than an actively controlled one, so it is worth further exploring its effect and mechanism. By implanting the PID controller to the stern flap, this paper proposed a free-running CFD model on the ONRT (the Office of Naval Research Tumblehome) ship coupled with the active-controlled stern flap to investigate the hydrodynamic performance in resonance waves. The free-running performance in calm water and regular waves is numerically researched and verified versus the experimental and referenced results. Then, the effect of different PID coefficients and control strategies of the stern flap on the traveling speed, attitudes, and propulsion performance under the resonance wave condition is conducted, and the influence mechanism is explored. The results show that adopting a fixed flap controller and PID controller can reduce the original speed loss by 4.2% and 6.9%, respectively, and increase the average propulsive efficiency of the propeller by 1.0% and 1.4%, respectively. Further analysis reveals that the global effect of the suppressed motion attitudes due to the installation of the fixed flap effectively contributes to the resistance reduction. However, the local effect of the stern flap increases the resistance due to interaction with the propeller and stern. The PID-controlled stern flap exhibits similar average attitudes compared to the fixed one, which means the resistance reduction of the global effect is kept the same, and the active stern flap further improves the stern flow field, where the resistance increment of the local effect is weakened, enhancing the traveling speed and improving the propulsion efficiency.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Buckling Behavior of Stainless Wave-Shaped Pressure Hulls
by
Lingtong Zheng, Yunsen Hu, Huifeng Jiao and Jian Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050821 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This study primarily focuses on the buckling behavior of wave-shaped pressure hulls subjected to uniform external pressure. The effect of slant angle on the buckling behavior of hulls was examined. The tested slant angles ranged from 0° to 30° and were increased at
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This study primarily focuses on the buckling behavior of wave-shaped pressure hulls subjected to uniform external pressure. The effect of slant angle on the buckling behavior of hulls was examined. The tested slant angles ranged from 0° to 30° and were increased at 1° increments. The buckling of smooth cylindrical pressure hulls and wave-shaped pressure hulls was investigated using numerical methods. A wave-shaped pressure hull was produced for experimental verification. The nonlinear numerical results aligned with the collected experimental data. The buckling load of the tested wave-shaped pressure hull was approximately 1.87 times that of the equivalent cylindrical pressure hull. Furthermore, a formula was developed to estimate the load-bearing capacity of the wave-shaped pressure hull. This formula, which has been experimentally validated, comprises a correction coefficient (obtained through numerical evaluation and regression analysis) and a classic semi-analytical formula for cylindrical pressure hulls.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Incipient Motion of Single Shells under Currents in Flume Experiments
by
Jie Chen, Jiaxiang Liu, Changbo Jiang, Zhiyuan Wu, Zhen Yao and Cheng Bian
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050820 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Understanding the motion thresholds of shells is important, as shell motion allows the analysis of beach profiles, prevents excessive erosion of the coastline, and helps to resource the use of discarded shells, providing new ideas for the protection of beaches. In this study,
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Understanding the motion thresholds of shells is important, as shell motion allows the analysis of beach profiles, prevents excessive erosion of the coastline, and helps to resource the use of discarded shells, providing new ideas for the protection of beaches. In this study, the orientational motions and motion thresholds of two types of typical molluscan shells, bivalve and gastropod shells, were investigated by means of flume experiments. The final orientations with the statistically highest number of occurrences during the orientational motions of each shell were used as the initial orientations for the respective threshold flow velocity measurements. The critical Shields parameter and the incipient mean velocity of the flow were used to represent the critical threshold of the motion. The critical Shields parameters for bivalve shells in the convex upward position were overall higher on average than those for gastropod shells. The experimental data showed that the incipient mean flow velocities of bivalve shells in the convex upward position were about 1.4–2.8 times larger than those in the convex downward position. The incipient mean velocity data were regressed to obtain the motion threshold equations applicable to bivalve shells in the convex upward and convex downward positions as well as gastropod shells under different final orientations.
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Open AccessArticle
Design and Testing of an Autonomous Navigation Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Buoy Inspection
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Zhiqiang Lu, Weihua Li, Xinzheng Zhang, Jianhui Wang, Zihao Zhuang and Cheng Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050819 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
In response to the inefficiencies and high costs associated with manual buoy inspection, this paper presents the design and testing of an Autonomous Navigation Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) tailored for this purpose. The research is structured into three main components: Firstly, the hardware
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In response to the inefficiencies and high costs associated with manual buoy inspection, this paper presents the design and testing of an Autonomous Navigation Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) tailored for this purpose. The research is structured into three main components: Firstly, the hardware framework and communication system of the USV are detailed, incorporating the Robot Operating System (ROS) and additional nodes to meet practical requirements. Furthermore, a buoy tracking system utilizing the Kernelized Correlation Filter (KCF) algorithm is introduced. Secondly, buoy image training is conducted using the YOLOv7 object detection algorithm, establishing a robust model for accurate buoy state recognition. Finally, an improved Line-of-Sight (LOS) method for USV path tracking, assuming the presence of an attraction potential field around the inspected buoy, is proposed to enable a comprehensive 360-degree inspection. Experimental testing includes validation of buoy image target tracking and detection, assessment of USV autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance capabilities, and evaluation of the enhanced LOS path tracking algorithm. The results demonstrate the USV's efficacy in conducting practical buoy inspection missions. This research contributes insights and advancements to the fields of maritime patrol and routine buoy inspections.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Investigations in Naval Architecture and Ocean and Marine Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Nonlinear Slippage of Tensile Armor Layers of Unbonded Flexible Riser Subjected to Irregular Loads
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Qingsheng Liu, Zhongyuan Qu, Xiaoya Liu, Jiawei He, Gang Wang, Sicong Wang and Feng Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050818 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The unbonded flexible riser has been increasingly applied in the ocean engineering industry to transport oil and gas resources from the seabed to offshore platforms. The slippage of helical layers, especially the tensile armor layers of unbonded flexible risers, contribute to the nonlinear
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The unbonded flexible riser has been increasingly applied in the ocean engineering industry to transport oil and gas resources from the seabed to offshore platforms. The slippage of helical layers, especially the tensile armor layers of unbonded flexible risers, contribute to the nonlinear hysteresis phenomenon, which is a research hotspot and difficulty. In this paper, on the basis of a typical eight-layer unbonded flexible riser model, the nonlinear slippage of a tensile armor layer and the corresponding nonlinear behavior of an unbonded flexible riser subjected to irregular external loads are studied by numerical modeling with detailed cross-sectional properties of the helical layers, and are verified through a theoretical method considering the coupled effect of the external loads on the unbonded flexible riser. Firstly, the balance equation of each layer considering the effect of external loads is established based on functional principles, and the overall theoretical model of the unbonded flexible riser is set up in consideration of the contact between adjacent layers. Secondly, the numerical modeling of each separate layer within the unbonded flexible riser, including the actual geometry of the carcass and pressure armor layer, is established, and solid elements are applied to all the interlayers, thus simulating the nonlinear contact and friction between and within interlayers. Finally, after verification through test data, the behavior of the unbonded flexible riser under the cyclic axial force, torsion, bending moment, and irregular external and internal pressure is studied. The results show that the tensile armor layer can slip under irregular loads. Additionally, some suggestions related to the analysis of unbonded flexible risers under irregular loads are drawn in the end.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
ETE-SRSP: An Enhanced Optimization of Tramp Ship Routing and Scheduling
by
Xiaohu Huang, Yuhan Liu, Mei Sha, Bing Han, Dezhi Han and Han Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050817 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
In the contemporary tramp shipping industry, route optimization and scheduling are directly linked to enhancements in operations, economics, and the environment, making them key factors for the effective management of maritime transportation. To enhance effective ship-to-cargo matching and the refinement of maritime transportation
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In the contemporary tramp shipping industry, route optimization and scheduling are directly linked to enhancements in operations, economics, and the environment, making them key factors for the effective management of maritime transportation. To enhance effective ship-to-cargo matching and the refinement of maritime transportation itineraries, this paper introduces a time efficiency and carbon dioxide emission multi-objective optimization algorithm named ETE-SRSP (efficiency–time–emission multi-optimization algorithm). ETE-SRSP incorporates several factors, including the initial positions of ships, time windows for loading and unloading operations, and varying sailing speeds. Within the ETE-SRSP framework, pioneering an approach that integrates ballast and laden sailing velocities as decisional parameters, it employs a multi-objective optimization technique to investigate the intricate interplay between temporal efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, the model’s proficiency in mitigating emissions and managing costs is clearly demonstrated through the optimization of these objectives, thereby offering a robust framework for decision support. The experimental results show that the optimal sailing speeds derived from the ETE-SRSP, under typical time-weight scenarios, can achieve an optimal balance between emission reduction and cost control. In summary, this study underscores the optimization strategy’s potential to effectively address the maritime sector’s need for economic growth and ecological conservation, showcasing its practical value in the industry.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Underwater Acoustic Communication and Ocean Sensor Networks)
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Open AccessEditorial
Special Issue on Offshore Wind Energy
by
E. Uzunoglu, A. Souto-Iglesias and C. Guedes Soares
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050816 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
As the impact of fossil fuels on the planet becomes clear, the world is increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Energy)
Open AccessArticle
Physiological Response of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles to an Acute Stress Challenge: The Impact of Partial and Total Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by an Insect Meal
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Ana Basto, Diogo Peixoto, Marina Machado, Benjamin Costas, Daniel Murta and Luisa M. P. Valente
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050815 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of FM substitution by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM) on the response of European seabass to an acute stress challenge. An FM-based diet was used as a control and two other isoproteic/isoenergetic diets were formulated
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This study aimed to explore the effect of FM substitution by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM) on the response of European seabass to an acute stress challenge. An FM-based diet was used as a control and two other isoproteic/isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 50 and 100% of FM by dTM. Each diet was tested in quadruplicate groups of 15 fish (69 ± 5 g) fed until visual satiety for 16 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were subjected to 1 min air exposure followed by 1 h of recovery before sampling. The haematological profile, plasma metabolites, and humoral immunity biomarkers, as well as hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, were analysed. A clear response to acute stress was observed by a significant increase in haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, and almost all evaluated plasma metabolites and humoral parameters, regardless of dietary treatment. The obtained results demonstrated that partial substitution of FM by IM did not affect the stress response of seabass. However, total FM replacement increased the hepatic activity of total peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in fish fed TM100.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Marine Aquaculture Research)
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Open AccessArticle
Experimental and Numerical Simulation Investigation of Cement Sheath Integrity during Multi-Stage Fracturing in Offshore Tight Oil Reservoir
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Yangang Wang and Yongcun Feng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050814 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The integrity of the cement sheath is susceptible to failure during multi-stage fracturing. In this study, the failure mechanisms of cement sheath integrity during multi-stage fracturing in the A offshore tight oil reservoir wells were investigated. The cement samples were subject to triaxial
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The integrity of the cement sheath is susceptible to failure during multi-stage fracturing. In this study, the failure mechanisms of cement sheath integrity during multi-stage fracturing in the A offshore tight oil reservoir wells were investigated. The cement samples were subject to triaxial compression test (TCT), triaxial cyclic loading test (TCLT), and permeability test. A full-scale device was constructed for cement sheath integrity experiments. Additionally, a 3-D finite element model was developed to simulate the interface debonding and the subsequent growth of micro-annuli throughout multi-stage fracturing. The results revealed that TCLT induced cumulative plastic deformation in the cement samples, resulting in a 10.7% decrease in triaxial compressive strength, an 8.3% decrease in elastic modulus, and a 150% increase in permeability. Despite these significant variations, no serious damage was caused to the cement sheath matrix. It was observed that gas leakage occurred at the 8th, 10th, and 14th cycles under cyclic loading with upper limits of 70 MPa, 80 MPa, and 90 MPa, respectively. After 15 cycles, the experimentally measured widths of micro-annuli were 117 μm, 178 μm, and 212 μm, which were in good agreement with simulation results of 130 μm, 165 μm, and 205 μm, respectively. These findings elucidate the causes of cement sheath integrity failure, providing insights into the failure mechanisms of cement sheath integrity during multi-stage fracturing.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil & Gas from Ocean—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Data-Driven Modal Decomposition Methods as Feature Detection Techniques for Flow Fields in Hydraulic Machinery: A Mini Review
by
Bin Xu, Liwen Zhang, Weibin Zhang, Yilin Deng and Teck Neng Wong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050813 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Cavitation is a quasi-periodic process, and its non-stationarity leads to increasingly complex flow field structures. On the other hand, characterizing the flow field with greater precision has become increasingly feasible. However, accurately and effectively extracting the most representative vibration modes and spatial structures
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Cavitation is a quasi-periodic process, and its non-stationarity leads to increasingly complex flow field structures. On the other hand, characterizing the flow field with greater precision has become increasingly feasible. However, accurately and effectively extracting the most representative vibration modes and spatial structures from these vast amounts of data has become a significant challenge. Researchers have proposed data-driven modal decomposition techniques to extract flow field information, which have been widely applied in various fields such as signal processing and fluid dynamics. This paper addresses the application of modal decomposition methods, such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD), in cavitation feature detection in hydraulic machinery. It reviews the mathematical principles of these three algorithms and a series of improvements made by researchers since their inception. It also provides examples of the applications of these three algorithms in different hydraulic machinery. Based on this, the future development trends and possible directions for the improvement of modal decomposition methods are discussed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Floating Offshore Structures—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Estimation of Artificial Reef Pose Based on Deep Learning
by
Yifan Song, Zuli Wu, Shengmao Zhang, Weimin Quan, Yongchuang Shi, Xinquan Xiong and Penglong Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050812 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Artificial reefs are man-made structures submerged in the ocean, and the design of these structures plays a crucial role in determining their effectiveness. Precisely measuring the configuration of artificial reefs is vital for creating suitable habitats for marine organisms. This study presents a
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Artificial reefs are man-made structures submerged in the ocean, and the design of these structures plays a crucial role in determining their effectiveness. Precisely measuring the configuration of artificial reefs is vital for creating suitable habitats for marine organisms. This study presents a novel approach for automated detection of artificial reefs by recognizing their key features and key points. Two enhanced models, namely, YOLOv8n-PoseRFSA and YOLOv8n-PoseMSA, are introduced based on the YOLOv8n-Pose architecture. The YOLOv8n-PoseRFSA model exhibits a 2.3% increase in accuracy in pinpointing target key points compared to the baseline YOLOv8n-Pose model, showcasing notable enhancements in recall rate, mean average precision (mAP), and other evaluation metrics. In response to the demand for swift identification in mobile fishing scenarios, a YOLOv8n-PoseMSA model is proposed, leveraging MobileNetV3 to replace the backbone network structure. This model reduces the computational burden to 33% of the original model while preserving recognition accuracy and minimizing the accuracy drop. The methodology outlined in this research enables real-time monitoring of artificial reef deployments, allowing for the precise quantification of their structural characteristics, thereby significantly enhancing monitoring efficiency and convenience. By better assessing the layout of artificial reefs and their ecological impact, this approach offers valuable data support for the future planning and implementation of reef projects.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Biology)
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Open AccessArticle
Semidiurnal Internal Tide Interference in the Northern South China Sea
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Wenhui Wang, Jiahui Li and Xiaodong Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050811 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed
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Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group speed are both relatively lower than the theoretical values of mode-1 semidiurnal internal tides, indicating the presence of partly-standing waves. This is consistent with the altimeter result that the mooring was located at the antinode within the interference pattern formed by the superposition of the westward and southward semidiurnal internal tides from the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. However, the kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group velocity were notably changed when an anticyclonic eddy passed by the mooring. By employing the ray-tracing method, we identified that mesoscale processes may induce a phase difference in the semidiurnal internal tides between the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. This alteration further leads to changes in the positions of nodes and antinodes within the interference pattern of the semidiurnal internal tides.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Identification of Shipborne VHF Radio Based on Deep Learning with Feature Extraction
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Liang Chen and Jiayu Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050810 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
In the feature identification of maritime VHF radio communication signals, shipborne VHF communication technology follows the same international technical standards formulated by IMO, uses analog communication technology and uses the same communication channel in the same area, and cannot effectively achieve signal feature
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In the feature identification of maritime VHF radio communication signals, shipborne VHF communication technology follows the same international technical standards formulated by IMO, uses analog communication technology and uses the same communication channel in the same area, and cannot effectively achieve signal feature identification by adding feature elements in the process of signal modulation. How to effectively identify the ship using VHF radio has always been a technical difficulty in the field of ship perception. In this paper, based on the convolutional neural network, combined with the feasibility of CAM feature extraction and BiLSTM feature extraction in non-cooperative signal recognition, a deep learning recognition model of shipborne VHF radio communication signals is established, and the deep learning approach is employed to discern the features of VHF signals, thereby accomplishing the identification and classification of transmitting VHF radio stations. Several experiments are designed according to the characteristics of ship communication scenes at sea. The experimental data show that the method proposed in this paper can provide a new feasible path for ship target perception in terms of radio signal characteristics and identification.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart and Low Carbon Emission-Oriented Maritime Traffic Management and Controlling)
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Open AccessArticle
Dynamic Testing of a Hybrid-Propellant Water-Breathing Ram Rocket in Underwater Cruise Conditions
by
Sagi Dinisman, Nachum E. Eisen and Alon Gany
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050809 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
High-speed submerged marine vehicles, such as torpedoes, traveling at velocities of an order of 100 m/s and above, require powerful propulsion to overcome the tremendous hydrodynamic drag. This paper aims to investigate a marine hybrid-propellant water-breathing ram rocket (marine ramjet or ducted rocket)
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High-speed submerged marine vehicles, such as torpedoes, traveling at velocities of an order of 100 m/s and above, require powerful propulsion to overcome the tremendous hydrodynamic drag. This paper aims to investigate a marine hybrid-propellant water-breathing ram rocket (marine ramjet or ducted rocket) under various underwater cruise conditions. At high underwater cruise speeds, the ram rocket outperforms regular rocket motors, substantially increasing its specific impulse and thrust. This investigation utilized a unique test facility capable of dynamically testing the marine ramjet. Over 20 dynamic experiments have been conducted, revealing the submerged motor characteristics at different cruise speeds, water-to-propellant mass ratios, and oxidizer-to-fuel mass ratios, thereby creating a performance map of the marine ramjet. The results were compared with static firing data and theoretical calculations, showing a good agreement with standard specific impulse improvement of about 55% compared to a regular hybrid rocket, reaching a maximum value of 380 s. The significant increase in performance demonstrates the potential of the water-breathing ramjet for propelling high-speed underwater vehicles.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Investigation of the Impact Load Characteristics during Water Entry of Airdropped Underwater Gliders
by
Xiangcheng Wu, Lihong Wu, Pengyao Yu and Xin Chang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050808 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
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Underwater gliders have emerged as effective tools for long-term ocean exploration. Employing aircraft for launching underwater gliders could significantly expand their application. Compared to slender underwater vehicles, the distinctive wing structure of underwater gliders may endure huge impact forces when entering water, leading
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Underwater gliders have emerged as effective tools for long-term ocean exploration. Employing aircraft for launching underwater gliders could significantly expand their application. Compared to slender underwater vehicles, the distinctive wing structure of underwater gliders may endure huge impact forces when entering water, leading to more intricate impact load characteristics and potential wing damage. This paper employs a computational fluid dynamics approach to analyze the water entry event of an airdropped underwater glider and its impact load behavior. The results indicate that the glider impact load is enhanced prominently by the wing, and that the extent of enhancement is influenced by the entry attitude. At an entry angle of 80°, the glider exhibits the maximum impact load during different water entry angles. In addition, a larger attack angle indicates a higher glider impact load. Our present study holds significant importance for both the hydrodynamic shape design and water entry strategy control of airdropped underwater gliders.
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Open AccessArticle
Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection on Seawater Temperature Data with Oversampling
by
Hangoo Kang, Dongil Kim and Sungsu Lim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050807 - 12 May 2024
Abstract
This study deals with a method for anomaly detection in seawater temperature data using machine learning methods with oversampling techniques. Data were acquired from 2017 to 2023 using a Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) system in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Sea of Korea. The
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This study deals with a method for anomaly detection in seawater temperature data using machine learning methods with oversampling techniques. Data were acquired from 2017 to 2023 using a Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) system in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Sea of Korea. The seawater temperature data consist of 1414 profiles including 1218 normal and 196 abnormal profiles. This dataset has an imbalance problem in which the amount of abnormal data is insufficient compared to that of normal data. Therefore, we generated abnormal data with oversampling techniques using duplication, uniform random variable, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and autoencoder (AE) techniques for the balance of data class, and trained Interquartile Range (IQR)-based, one-class support vector machine (OCSVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models with a balanced dataset for anomaly detection. In the experimental results, the F1 score of the MLP showed the best performance at 0.882 in the combination of learning data, consisting of 30% of the minor data generated by SMOTE. This result is a 71.4%-point improvement over the F1 score of the IQR-based model, which is the baseline of this study, and is 1.3%-point better than the best-performing model among the models without oversampling data.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances on Intelligent Maintenance and Health Management in Ocean Engineering)
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