Gastroenterology:克罗恩病患者不寻常的皮疹

2018-09-24 晓楠 消化界

一名女性患者,38岁,因出现无痛、无瘙痒、红斑性皮疹4周来医院就诊。表现为双下肢和足部皮肤的红斑状斑点,其中一些形成离散性溃疡病灶。

病历概述:

一名女性患者,38岁,因出现无痛、无瘙痒、红斑性皮疹4周来医院就诊。表现为双下肢和足部皮肤的红斑状斑点,其中一些形成离散性溃疡病灶。

18个月前,患者被诊断出患有激素难治性克罗恩病。12个月之前开始接受英夫利西单抗(5 mg/kg)治疗,成功诱导缓解,并维持12个月的临床缓解。

患者没有腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、恶心、发烧、体重减轻、肌痛、关节痛和神经系统症状,最近也没有使用过其他药物。

体格检查发现,患者下肢和足部出现多发性汇合性红斑,可触及的紫癜。红斑基底上有一些无痛性浅溃疡,呈对称分布(图A)。



实验室检查:血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板计数、炎症标记物(血沉,C-反应蛋白和粪钙卫蛋白)、尿常规、肌酐和肝功能,均无明显异常。

感染性检查(血液,尿液和粪便培养):HIV 1/2、EBV、CMV、甲肝、乙肝和丙肝血清学检查,均为阴性。

免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgA和IgG4)和补体(C3,C4)水平在正常范围内。

免疫相关检查:类风湿因子、冷球蛋白、P-抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体、IgG或IgM抗心磷脂抗体、抗核抗体,抗-Ro,抗-La,抗-磷脂抗体,抗-dsDNA抗体,抗-Sm抗体,抗-nRNP抗体,抗-Scl70抗体,均为阴性。

CT肠造影仅显示回肠末端轻度增厚,其他肠道区域没有发现活动性病变。结肠镜检查显示,结肠和末端回肠黏膜正常。

请问诊断是什么?

答案:英夫利西单抗诱发的白细胞破坏性脉管炎

对病变进行皮肤组织活检,结果显示细菌、真菌、抗酸杆菌和病毒包涵体均为阴性。 

在真皮层观察到,主要由嗜中性粒细胞和数量不定的嗜酸性粒细胞构成的血管周围炎症。

此外,还存在中性粒细胞变性,红细胞外渗和血管的纤维蛋白样坏死(图B)。



皮肤活检与病理检查结果,符合白细胞破坏性脉管炎。

患者停用英夫利西单抗,开始使用泼尼松(40 mg/d)治疗,8周后皮肤病变有显著改善(图C),之后皮肤病变完全消失。



患者没有再使用英夫利西单抗,转为接受Ustekinumab进行克罗恩病维持治疗。

回顾和启示

目前有证据证实,抗-TNF药物(如英夫利西单抗)可能会诱发自身免疫性病变,尤其是银屑病、狼疮样综合征、脱髓鞘中枢神经系统疾病和间质性肺病。 

与抗-TNF药物相关的白细胞破坏性脉管炎并不常见,目前主要在类风湿性关节炎患者中被报道。

皮肤是主要的病变部位,最常见的皮肤表现是可触及的紫癜。 

大约有1/4的皮肤血管炎患者可出现皮肤外表现,特别是周围神经病变和肾血管炎,发病机制尚不清楚。

目前的研究提示,抗-TNF药物引起抗药抗体产生,进而诱发免疫复合物介导的超敏性血管炎。

活动性炎症性肠病、药物、潜在感染、胶原血管疾病或恶性肿瘤,都可能与血管炎有关。

然而,这例患者相关实验室检查阴性,抗-TNF药物停止并使用激素后血管炎病变消退。因此,可以合理地排除上述血管炎相关病症。

在没有全身受累的情况下,白细胞破坏性脉管炎的预后是较好的,大多数病变会在停止抗-TNF药物后数周至数月内消退。

具有持续性病变或全身表现的患者,可能需要进一步的治疗,例如使用全身性激素和免疫抑制剂。

总之,对于接受抗-TNF生物制剂治疗期间出现皮疹的患者,临床医生需要考虑白细胞破坏性脉管炎的诊断。

在这种情况下,必须进行皮肤活检和广泛的系统性检查。停止使用抗-TNF药物并开始辅助治疗,来实现白细胞破坏性脉管炎的缓解。

原始出处:

Julio Maria Fonseca Chebli, Bárbara de Oliveira Moreira, Tarsila Campanha da Rocha Ribeiro. An Unusual Cause of Skin Rash in Crohn’s Disease. Gastroenterology. 2018 Sep;155(3):618-620.

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    2019-03-21 许安
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    2018-09-26 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

    0

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    2018-09-24 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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