Neuropsychopharmacology:女性荷尔蒙在成瘾中的作用:复发率更高

2019-02-11 海北 MedSci原创

虽然临床前工作旨在概述药物成瘾的神经机制,但它绝大多数集中在男性受试者身上。近年来,研究人员一直在努力将女性纳入现有的成瘾模型。

虽然临床前工作旨在概述药物成瘾的神经机制,但它绝大多数集中在男性受试者身上。近年来,研究人员一直在努力将女性纳入现有的成瘾模型。男性和女性通常有不同的行为策略,因此不仅要将女性纳入研究,还要开发评估女性吸毒成瘾因素的模型。

传统的自我管理模式通常包括作为辨别刺激和/或后续刺激的明线和暗线。我们几乎不可能完全分开线索学习,线索本身和精神兴奋药物的急性效应的影响。

最近,为了解开药物相关线索与可卡因驱动的满足和食欲反应之间的相互作用,研究人员开发了一种新的行为程序,将巴甫洛夫-工具转移与行为经济分析相结合。这个任务可以在一个单独的会话中完成,允许研究在女性中查看完整的动情周期阶段依赖性影响,这在过去是非常困难的。

在这项研究中,研究人员发现,在缺乏线索的情况下,动情周期中的自我管理没有差异;然而,当引入线索时,在发情期获得有价值的线索 - 但不是在非发情期间或在男性中获得 - 增加了动机。在发情期给予的线索也在纹状体区域中更大程度地增加c-fos表达,这种效应可能是这些线索引起的寻求增加的基础,甚至可以持续数周。

总之,这些数据表明,男性和女性之间精神兴奋药物的动机特性的根本差异是复杂的,主要是由药物相关刺激和药物作用之间的相互作用驱动的。


原始出处:

Amy R. Johnson et al. Cues play a critical role in estrous cycle-dependent enhancement of cocaine reinforcement. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019; doi: 10.1038/s41386-019-0320-0.


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    2019-03-10 yb6560
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    2019-03-25 jj000001
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一些化学物质会影响女性荷尔蒙水平,进而引发乳腺癌和心血管等相关疾病。因此,了解影响荷尔蒙水平的化学物质对公共健康尤其是妇女的健康非常重要。而根据最近一项研究,在我们最常用的一些化妆品中竟也存在增加雌激素水平的物质!这一发现提醒我们在使用相关产品过程中或要更加谨慎。