四肢躯干丘疹瘙痒难耐 这种罕见皮肤病您见过吗?

2019-01-10 赵俊英 王增芳 专家会诊中心病例讨论精选

60岁女性,四肢躯干丘疹,伴瘙痒1年。近半年来自觉乏力,消瘦,记忆力减退,睡眠差,无头晕及吞咽困难。饮食大小便均可。既往体健,无甲亢病史。组织病理:真皮浅层局灶性黏蛋白沉积,成纤维细胞增多;阿新兰染色阳性。本病的病因不明,特点是皮肤中成纤维细胞增生,有黏多糖沉积,血液中出现流动性副球蛋白,临床皮损多样化。您见过这种较罕见的皮肤病吗?

60岁女性,四肢躯干丘疹,伴瘙痒1年。近半年来自觉乏力,消瘦,记忆力减退,睡眠差,无头晕及吞咽困难。饮食大小便均可。既往体健,无甲亢病史。组织病理:真皮浅层局灶性黏蛋白沉积,成纤维细胞增多;阿新兰染色阳性。本病的病因不明,特点是皮肤中成纤维细胞增生,有黏多糖沉积,血液中出现流动性副球蛋白,临床皮损多样化。您见过这种较罕见的皮肤病吗?

病历摘要

患者,女,60岁,工人。

主诉:四肢躯干丘疹,伴痒1年。

现病史:该患者于1年前无明显诱因,肩部出现密集白色粟粒大小丘疹,逐渐增多,遍及四肢躯干,自觉瘙痒。近半年来自觉乏力,消瘦,记忆力减退,睡眠差,无头晕及吞咽困难。饮食大小便均可。

既往史、家族史:既往体健,无甲亢病史。否认家族中有同类病史。

体格检查

一般情况:好,系统检查未见明显异常。

专科情况:头面部发红,毛细血管扩张,耳后、颈、双肩、腋部、背部、胸腹以及四肢伸侧可见弥漫密集小丘疹,粟粒大小,皮色发亮,未见水疱、脓疱及渗出,双下肢大腿内侧可见网状青斑样改变,四肢关节未见红肿(图1~图2)。


图1 腹部可见弥漫密集小丘疹,粟粒大小,皮色发亮
 

图2 肘部密集小丘疹,粟粒大小

辅助检查

血常规、尿常规、便常规,生化全项,心电图均正常。

组织病理:真皮浅层局灶性黏蛋白沉积,成纤维细胞增多;阿新兰染色阳性(图3~图6)。


图3 真皮浅层局灶性黏蛋白沉积,成纤维细胞增多
 

图4 成纤维细胞增多
 

图5 真皮浅层局灶性黏蛋白沉积,成纤维细胞增多,阿新兰染色阳性

 
图6 成纤维细胞增多,阿新兰染色阳性

讨论目的

本病的病因不明,其特点是皮肤中成纤维细胞增生,有黏多糖沉积,血液中出现流动性副球蛋白,临床皮损多样化,是一种较罕见的皮肤病,本文对此进行讨论。

讨论内容

患者老年人,皮疹多形性,在面、颈、肩背及四肢等处均有密集小丘疹,粟粒大小,皮色发亮。组织病理符合黏液水肿性苔藓,故可确诊。本病需要与下列疾病相鉴别:

1.皮肤淀粉样变性

在临床上有多种不同的皮损形态,其中斑疹性皮肤淀粉样变性多见于上背部,尤其是肩胛间区,皮损为淡褐色的斑点,彼此聚合成网状,瘙痒可轻可重。另一类为苔藓型,多见于四肢伸侧,尤其小腿伸侧;皮疹为角化性坚实的褐色呈半球形的丘疹,瘙痒较剧烈。病理诊断要点是在真皮浅层的血管周围有噬黑素细胞,乳头层内可见到均一红染的团块状物,此物为沉积的淀粉样蛋白。

2.类脂质蛋白沉积症

本病为一种少见的遗传性代谢性疾病,是由于透明蛋白在皮肤黏膜及内脏的沉积所致,透明蛋白用PAS染色呈强阳性。临床特点:婴儿期主要表现是声音嘶哑,在咽、舌、唇黏膜上有黄白色浸润斑,幼儿期面部出现丘疹和结节,在睑缘处成串珠状,舌变硬,在肘膝伸侧有似黄瘤样的浸润性斑块。

3.环状肉芽肿

临床表现为红色的结节或丘疹,质地较硬,往往融合成环状,皮损大小不等,约1~5mm大小,可单发或多发,无自觉症状,好发于手足背等处。病理改变为组织细胞排列成栅栏状,或成灶的集合散布于全层真皮的胶原束之间,在成栅栏状排列的组织细胞中心可见颗粒状、纤维状,轻度嗜碱性的物质(黏蛋白)为蓝色。

最终诊断:黏液水肿性苔藓。

治疗经过

未治疗,病情无变化。

讨 论

黏液水肿性苔藓(lichen myxedematosus)又称丘疹性粘蛋白病,硬化性黏液水肿,是一种较罕见的皮肤黏蛋白增多病。本病的病因不明,患者血液中出现副球蛋白,能刺激成纤维细胞增生并分泌合成酸性黏多糖在皮肤内沉积,从而产生皮肤苔藓样丘疹或浸润性肥厚斑块。本病好发于30~50岁,无性别差异。皮损为圆顶、质软,直径2~4mm大小丘疹,表面有蜡样光泽,可密集分布,并逐渐融合成斑块,在面部可出现狮面样外观,部分丘疹可呈线状、串珠样,环形排列。本病好发于面部、手背、肘部以及四肢伸侧。本病常仅限于皮肤病变,但也可有乏力、消瘦、上肢疼痛麻木及头晕等症状。病理变化真皮上部大量黏蛋白沉积,阿新兰染色为强阳性,并可见成纤维细胞及胶原增多。Perry等将此病分为四种类型,即全身苔藓样型、散发丘疹型、局限苔藓样斑块型、结节和风团样斑块型。本病需与皮肤淀粉样变性、类脂质蛋白沉积症,环状肉芽肿等病鉴别。本病发病原因未明,基本发病机制可能为成纤维细胞生长紊乱,从而引起黏蛋白在皮肤内沉积。季氏等报告家庭性发病1例。目前,本病尚无满意的疗法,用皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂治疗均无效。用浅层X浅治疗、口服苯丙氨酸氮芥、外用盐酸氮芥稀释液和皮质类固醇软膏,病情暂可缓解。维A酸治疗本病疗效报告不一。

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    2019-01-12 listen318
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    2019-01-12 syscxl
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    2019-01-10 lietome2

    认真学习,不断进步,把经验分享给同好。点赞了!

    0

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