Circulation:哈佛研究称,用植物蛋白替代红肉,更有利于控制心血管危险因素

2019-04-12 xujing 中国循环杂志

哈佛大学公共卫生学院和普渡大学联合发布的一项新研究表明,用健康的植物蛋白替代红肉的饮食更有利于控制心血管疾病的危险因素,不建议用鱼或低质碳水化合物替代红肉。这项研究是第一个对采用其他特定类型的食物替代红肉对健康的影响的随机对照试验的荟萃分析,这项研究发表在《循环》杂志上。

哈佛大学公共卫生学院和普渡大学联合发布的一项新研究表明,用健康的植物蛋白替代红肉的饮食更有利于控制血管疾病的危险因素,不建议用鱼或低质碳水化合物替代红肉。这项研究是第一个对采用其他特定类型的食物替代红肉对健康的影响的随机对照试验的荟萃分析,这项研究发表在《循环》杂志上。

评估红肉对血管病危险因素影响的随机对照试验的先前发现是不一致的。这项新的研究表明,用高质量蛋白质替代红肉有利于改善心血管危险因素。

这项研究包括来自36个随机对照试验的数据,涉及1803名参与者。研究人员比较了吃红肉的人和吃其他类型食物的人的心血管病危险因素如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白A1和B和血压。研究将饮食分为高质量植物蛋白源(豆类、大豆、坚果)、鸡肉/家禽/鱼、仅鱼、仅家禽、混合动物蛋白源(包括乳制品)、碳水化合物(低质量精制谷物和单糖,如白面包、意大利面、大米、饼干/饼干)或普通饮食。研究发现,与所有其他类型的饮食组合相比,食用红肉的饮食在总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A1和B和血压方面没有显着差异,尽管多吃红肉确实导致比对照饮食更高的甘油三酯水平。然而,在按饮食类型分层的分析中,研究人员发现,与红肉饮食相比,高质量植物蛋白(如豆类、大豆和坚果)的饮食带来更低的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。

研究人员说,这一结果与长期流行病学研究一致,长期流行病学研究表明,坚果和其他植物性蛋白质源与红肉相比,心脏病发作的风险更低。而且,研究还发现,与鱼类相比,红肉使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降幅度较大。与碳水化合物相比,红肉导致甘油三酯降幅更大。研究结果还表明,先前关于红肉对心血管危险因素影响的研究的结果不一致,部分原因可能在于比较饮食的组成。

研究者说,问‘红肉是好是坏?’,这是无用的。它必须与什么相比?如果你用饼干或薯条代替汉堡,你就不会变得更健康。但是,如果你用健康的植物蛋白(如坚果和豆类)代替红肉,你就会得到健康的好处。研究者建议坚持健康的素食和地中海式饮食,既有益健康,又促进环境可持续性。

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    2019-08-03 xuyong535
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    2019-04-14 amyloid
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在ESC 2018年会上,麦克马斯特大学人口健康研究所(PHRI)流行病学项目首席研究员Andrew Mente博士报告了PURE研究的最新结果,结果表明增加未加工红肉、鱼类和全脂乳制品的摄入量可以降低全因死亡、心肌梗死和卒中风险。这项研究颠覆人们对红肉的认知。在2017年便发起了相关讨论:Lancet:多学科讨论:PURE研究“人应该多吃肉少吃主食”颠覆膳食观?,详细报道:LANCET:太颠覆认