JEADV:青少年和成人特应性皮炎患者痤疮的发生率、患病率和风险

2022-03-13 医路坦克 MedSci原创

寻常痤疮是一种常见的炎症性皮肤疾病,可能会对身体和心理社会健康产生强烈的负面影响。本文使用全国管理数据检查了丹麦青少年和成人AD患者使用痤疮药物的患病率、发病率和风险。

     寻常痤疮是一种常见的炎症性皮肤疾病。痤疮通常始于青春期,可能会对身体和心理社会健康产生强烈的负面影响。

     目前对特应性皮炎(AD)患者发生痤疮的风险的了解很少。然而,Upadacitinib和abrocitinib治疗中到重度AD的临床试验表明,Janus Kinase(JAK)1抑制剂在青少年和成年人中的绝对数量非常高。虽然发病机制目前尚不清楚,但我们需要更多关于AD患者痤疮风险和严重程度的知识。我们使用全国管理数据检查了丹麦青少年和成人AD患者使用痤疮药物的患病率、发病率和风险。

     使用常规和前瞻性收集的全国性管理数据,对6600名成年AD患者和66000名对照进行了匹配的队列研究。调整后的危险比(HR)以95%的可信区间(CI)报告。

     普通人群和AD患者的12个月痤疮患病率分别为3.7%和3.9%。痤疮的发病率在12至18岁的AD患者中最高,总体来说,AD女性患者的发病率略高于男性。AD患者的总体风险与普通人群相似(HR 0.96;95%CI 0.88-1.06),而AD患者接受严重痤疮治疗的风险降低(HR 0.59;95%CI 0.47-0.73),主要发生在青少年和年轻人中。与对照组相比,30~39岁痤疮患者的HR达到1.41(95%CI 1.07~1.87),≥患者达到2.07(95%CI 1.42~3.03)。

表1  研究人群的基线特征

图1 AD患者和普通人群中痤疮的一年患病率。

图2  AD患者和普通人群中每千人年粉刺的发生率。注:与普通人群中的男性相比,AD病男性的发病率显著更高;*与普通人群中的女性相比,AD女性的发病率显著更高。‡,AD女性的发病率显著低于普通人群中的女性。

     目前尚不清楚AD患者在使用JAK-1抑制剂治疗期间发生痤疮的病因。因此,没有临床研究对皮损进行系统的研究,虽然在一些患者中观察到痤疮,但其他患者往往会发展成更多的滤泡性和结节状皮疹。至少在理论上,JAK-1抑制剂的免疫抑制可能会增加或改变皮肤的微生物定植,但也可能是Th2途径抑制后免疫向辅助性T细胞(Th)1和/或17倾斜可能在炎症损害中起直接作用。重要的是,在关节和胃肠系统炎症性疾病患者中使用upadacitinib不会导致痤疮。这一观察结果让人想起一些AD患者在接受dupilumab治疗后出现的面部红肿(和眼表问题),但在哮喘和慢性鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉的患者中观察到的不是。因此,在AD患者中使用dupilumab与罕见的酒渣鼻样炎症和蠕形螨类定植有关。

    治疗痤疮在AD患者中总体上并不常见,但风险在男性和女性之间有所不同,与普通人群中的参考个体相比,风险随年龄而变化。在AD患者中,痤疮的严重程度似乎随着年龄的增长而增加。由于痤疮是使用JAK-1抑制剂治疗AD时常见的不良事件,医生应该认识到该风险并在临床治疗中多加注意。

 

文献来源:Thyssen JP,  Nymand LK,  Maul JT,Incidence, prevalence and risk of acne in adolescent and adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a matched cohort study.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022 Feb 26;

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