J Dent Res:人类大脑对牙齿疼痛缓解的反应

2015-02-22 MedSci MedSci原创

J Dent Res:人类大脑对牙齿疼痛缓解的反应摘要1884年以来局麻药的使用使得牙齿治疗变得更舒适,但是相关大脑的机制却了解的很少。功能性磁共振成像是现代一种神经影像学,广泛应用于研究与感官知觉(包括疼痛)相关的大脑活动影像。最近发现大脑大部分区域对实验性有害刺激的反应不仅会反应为伤害感觉,还会反应为视觉、听觉以及其他刺激。在这项研究中,我们的目的是在14名志愿者中通过运用新的范例来规避已知的




摘要

1884年以来局麻药的使用使得牙齿治疗变得更舒适,但是相关大脑的机制却了解的很少。功能性磁共振成像是现代一种神经影像学,广泛应用于研究与感官知觉(包括疼痛)相关的大脑活动影像。最近发现大脑大部分区域对实验性有害刺激的反应不仅会反应为伤害感觉,还会反应为视觉、听觉以及其他刺激。在这项研究中,我们的目的是在14名志愿者中通过运用新的范例来规避已知的方法的混杂因素:我们在左下颌尖牙处重复使用恒定强度的牙痛刺激,而不是变化的强度,从而突出疼痛刺激。对比4%阿替卡因阻滞之前和之后的大脑活动在组内的水平。观察到牙齿疼痛消失,对应的左后岛叶皮质区活性降低。这些结果证实了先前的论证:对大脑这些区域(不是大脑的其他区域)的直接点刺激能唤起机体的疼痛感觉。因此,我们的研究为大脑后岛在疼痛处理出有独特的作用这一认识增加了更多地证据。

方法

受试者:通过在网站上发布广告招募了15名男性受试者(非左撇子),注册后签署知情同意书。其中一个受试者由于刺激装置的技术问题被排除在外,剩下14名受试者(年龄 25.14 ± 标准差4.48岁)。受试者每小时获得50瑞士法郎报酬。本研究根据赫尔辛基宣言进行,并由瑞士苏黎世伦理委员会批准。

排除标准:系统性疾病、局麻药过敏史、实验前两周内大脑区域接受了局麻、牙科焦虑症、急/慢性疼痛状态、摄入镇静药物,此外排除标准在试验下颌尖牙区域:牙齿敏感或龋坏、较大的充填体修复、牙周病。牙科焦虑症使用牙科焦虑量表(DAS)问卷评估。DAS平均得分为6.29 ± 1.6。实验前12个小时禁酒,13点至21点之间行fMRI测量。

实验材料

牙弓夹板;电刺激;4%阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液

结果

刺激的感知和疼痛的缓解

在最后的分析阶段所有受试者在整个疼痛过程都会感受刺痛,主要是Aδ纤维介导的疼痛。注射了阿替卡因后,疼痛得分稳定在2.8 ± 3.73分钟。所有受试者完成镇痛,但未接受全麻,目标牙齿仍可感受电刺激造成的疼痛。

大脑的活动结果

疼痛期:全脑分析显示疼痛反应在左丘脑;左侧岛叶后部;右侧前扣带回和中扣带回后部;右顶叶下部,右颞叶上部和左视觉皮层区;右腹外侧前额叶皮层区(q<0.05,FDR校正)。

镇痛期:全脑分析发现镇痛反应在左侧丘脑,右下顶叶和左侧视觉皮层,右侧腹外侧前额叶皮层,左、右背外侧前额叶皮层,左侧小脑,右侧海马(q<0.05,FDR校正)。

镇痛作用:疼痛和镇痛阶段之间对比显示出左侧岛叶后部有独特的活性改变,即,在镇痛阶段,活性明显降低。


原始出处:

Meier ML1, Widmayer S2, Abazi J3, Brügger M4, Lukic N3, Lüchinger R5, Ettlin DA3.The Human Brain Response to Dental Pain Relief.J Dent Res. 2015 Feb 17. pii: 0022034515572022.

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    2016-09-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,还会关注

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    2015-02-24 zhouqu_8