Reg Anesth Pain Med:肉毒杆菌毒素注射可以缓解子宫内膜异位症的疼痛

2019-09-03 段涛 健康号

子宫内膜异位症是常见的妇科疾病,估计影响全世界大约1.76亿女性。它是良性疾病,但却有类似恶性肿瘤的“恶性行为”:增生、扩散、转移,症状可轻可重,重起来能让患者痛得生不如死。

子宫内膜异位症是常见的妇科疾病,估计影响全世界大约1.76亿女性。它是良性疾病,但却有类似恶性肿瘤的“恶性行为”:增生、扩散、转移,症状可轻可重,重起来能让患者痛得生不如死。

疼痛的症状不一定和病灶的大小和多少正相关,即使是病灶范围小、数量少,仍有可能遭受剧烈的慢性疼痛。

对于有些病人来讲,即便病灶最后萎缩或者被手术完全切除,疼痛却始终如影随形,不离不弃。

子宫内膜异位的疼痛机制

子宫内膜异位症的疼痛机制不同于一般的疼痛。

在一开始的时候疼痛局限于病灶,局限于受累及的部位,局限于盆腔,后来逐渐演变成了一种中枢神经系统的敏感化和功能紊乱。

大脑的疼痛感受通路被激活的时间过长,即便导致疼痛的病因和病灶被消除,也无法被轻易关闭,这种情况在子宫内膜异位症中非常常见。

这种慢性盆腔疼痛不仅仅是痛,还会带来一系列的身心变化,包括失眠、焦虑、抑郁、暴躁等。

有研究发现,长期遭受慢性疼痛折磨的患者脑内发现了灰质的改变,海马回的改变会导致记忆力衰退,前额叶皮质体积萎缩,丘脑、脑岛以及其他与调控疼痛有关的中枢区域也都发生了不同程度的萎缩。

目前所采用的常规手术和激素治疗很难控制子宫内膜异位症所导致的慢性盆腔疼痛。

所以寻找新的控制疼痛的方法成了很多人努力的方向。

子宫内膜异位症的治疗

最近在“局部麻醉与疼痛医学杂志”上发表的一篇文章让大家又看到了新的希望,这篇文章的题目是“肉毒杆菌毒素治疗子宫内膜异位症的慢性盆腔疼痛”。

说起来肉毒杆菌毒素,相信大家不会陌生,它也是一个神药,神经内科医生用它来治疗面部痉挛,美容整形科医生用它来帮助女性消除皱纹,保持年轻。

现在,又有妇产科医生尝试用它来治疗子宫内膜异位症引起的盆腔疼痛。

这个项目研究了13例的子宫内膜异位症患者,她们都是经过手术治疗,再使用激素来抑制月经,但继续经历疼痛和盆底肌肉痉挛。

在肌电图引导下,研究者经阴道将100单位的肉毒杆菌毒素A注射到盆底肌肉的痉挛区域。

然后随访疼痛程度,肌肉痉挛,残疾状况,以及止痛药物的使用情况。

在接受注射后的两个月内,所有参与者的疼痛都有所减少,13名受试者中有11名报告说他们的疼痛是轻微的或已经消失。

此外,超过一半的参与者减少了止痛药的使用。在接受毒素注射之前,8名参与者报告了中度或重度残疾,治疗以后有6名患者的残疾状况有所改善。

研究效果是明确的:参与研究患者的肌肉痉挛减少,疼痛缓解导致残疾减少,止痛药使用减少。更重要的是,有益效果持久,许多患者报告疼痛缓解持续至少六个月。

研究者Pamela Stratton说:“注射肉毒杆菌毒素非常有效地降低疼痛水平,以及患者使用止痛药,包括阿片类药物。”

“我们研究中的许多女性都报告说疼痛对她们的生活质量产生了深远的影响,这种治疗方法可能有助于她们恢复生活。”

“我们知道许多医生正在使用肉毒杆菌毒素来帮助他们的患者,但每个人所使的技术和方法都有些不同,包括不同品牌的毒素和不同的剂量,我们这项研究将开始提供严格的帮助确保盆腔疼痛的标准化方案和治疗。”

这只是一个小样本的研究,未来我们需要更大的临床研究来进一步确认目前的发现。

另外,未来的研究需要探索慢性盆腔疼痛的机制,并更好地了解肉毒杆菌毒素可能有助于治疗这些疾病的方式。

原始出处:
Tandon HK1, Stratton P2, Sinaii N3, et al.Botulinum toxin for chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis: a cohort study of a pain-focused treatment.Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Jul 8. pii: rapm-2019-100529. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100529. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2020-04-03 zhouqu_8
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