Neurology: 渐冻人:皮层功能逐渐退化,和病情恶化息息相关

2021-07-05 Freeman MedSci原创

渐冻人:皮层功能逐渐退化,和病情恶化息息相关

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)的临床异质性导致了开发靶向治疗和评估疾病改变治疗结果的挑战。临床试验将受益于表型相同的队列(一种临床试验富集的方法),以及能够准确和客观地监测疾病进展的非侵入性生物标志物。磁共振波谱(MRS)能够在体内评估脑神经化学,提供具有诊断、预后和疾病监测潜力的脑变性生物标志物。

N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)是神经元完整性的标志,当以绝对值和与其他代谢物(包括肌酸(Cr,能量代谢的标志)、胆碱(Cho,膜周转的标志)和肌醇(Ino,胶质增生的推定标志)的比率表示时,会减少。这在运动和运动外区域,包括额叶,都被观察到。纵向MRS研究的数量很少,报告的结果不一致,而且受到小样本的限制。一个关键的需求是在多中心研究中评估光谱性能的数据,以挖掘MRS衍生的生物标志物的潜力,促进临床试验。

藉此,University of Alberta的Daniel Ta等人,以多中心的方式评估ALS的进行性脑变性。

并假设:
(1)运动和前额叶区域的NAA比率(神经元完整性下降)逐渐下降;
(2)临床进展更快、UMN(upper motor neuron)负担更大、认知障碍更强的ALS表型的NAA下降更快。该研究是作为加拿大ALS神经成像联盟(CALSNIC)的一部分进行的,采用了5个中心统一的成像和临床方案。

他们纳入了76名ALS患者和59名健康对照者,这些被试参加了加拿大ALS神经影像联盟(CALSNIC)的一项前瞻性、纵向、多中心研究。参与者在基线、4个月和8个月时,使用5个中心的统一方案进行了连续的临床评估和MR光谱检查。运动皮层和前额叶皮层的NAA比值被量化了。根据疾病进展率、上运动神经元(UMN)体征和认知状态,将患者分层为亚组。线性混合模型被用于NAA代谢物比率的基线和纵向比较。


他们发现:ALS患者在基线时运动皮层的NAA比率降低(P < 0.001)。那些疾病进展较快和UMN迹象较大的患者,其比率较低(P < 0.05)。

在快速进展(P < 0.01)和高UMN负担(P < 0.01)的队列中,观察到运动皮层中NAA比率的纵向下降。

UMN体征的严重程度并没有随着时间的推移而明显改变。只有认知障碍的患者前额皮层的NAA比率降低(P < 0.05);前额皮层的代谢物没有随时间变化。

这个重要意义在于,发现了ALS运动皮层的渐进性退化与更具侵略性的临床表现有关。这些发现提供了与ALS疾病异质性相关的可变空间和时间的大脑退化的生物学证据。使用标准化的成像方案可能会在临床试验中起到选择病人或分组的作用。

原文出处:

Progressive Neurochemical Abnormalities in Cognitive and Motor Subgroups of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Daniel Ta, Abdullah Ishaque, Ojas Srivastava, Chris Hanstock, PeterSeres, Dean T Eurich, Collin Luk, Hannah Briemberg, RichardFrayne, Angela L. Genge, Simon J Graham, Lawrence Korngut, Lorne Zinman, Sanjay Kalra
Neurology Jun 2021, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012367; DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012367

 
 
 
 

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    2021-12-07 yinhl1978
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    2021-07-05 仁术2021

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神经退行性疾病临床表型和发病机制的特异性研究越来越受到认可,相信经过精心设计的纵向人群疾病登记将有助于改变现状,提高对神经退行性疾病的临床治疗和疾病本质的认识

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肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)是使受害者迅速瘫痪的致命性神经退行性疾病,影响运动神经元的疾病,运动神经元是专门控制肌肉运动的神经细胞,这些神经细胞存在于脊髓和脑中。根据《人体基因序列变化与人体疾病表征数据

Cell:治疗神经退行性疾病有戏!核输入受体可逆转异常聚集的RNA结合蛋白

许多被称作核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)的特殊分子,当错误地被放置在细胞核外面时,会形成包括额颞叶痴呆症(FTD)和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)在内的几种脑部疾病中观察到的有害蛋白团块。由这些致病性蛋白形成的团块含有导致神经细胞损伤的粘性原纤维。为此,人们想要逆转这些团块的形成,并将RBP蛋白重新放回细胞核内的适当位置上。

SCI TRANSL MED:Src/c-Abl通路有望成为肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症治疗药物新靶点

采用取自ALS病人的运动神经元所产生的诱导性多功能干细胞(iPSCs)为实验材料,进行药物筛选。研究人员筛选了现有的药物,Src/c-Abl激酶抑制剂可以促进自噬作用,防止ALS运动神经元退行性病变

Neuropore宣布其NPT520-34治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症,喜获FDA的孤儿药物指定

Neuropore Therapies宣布其NPT520-34治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),获得FDA的孤儿药物指定。

Radiology:肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者上运动神经元密度的基于MR评价

本研究旨在验证是否磁共振(MR)成像能够评价肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者原始运动皮层(PMC)运动神经元(MN)的密度,并将结果发表在Radiology上。