Nat Med:意大利研究表明社交疏远对防治疫情必要且有效

2020-04-23 冯丽妃 中国科学报

据WHO统计,截至4月22日,全球新冠感染超247万例,逾16.9 万人死亡。在欧洲,意大利当前受影响情况仅次于西班牙,疫情在意大利已导致18.3万人感染,2700多人死亡。

据WHO统计,截至4月22日,全球新冠感染超247万例,逾16.9 万人死亡。在欧洲,意大利当前受影响情况仅次于西班牙,疫情在意大利已导致18.3万人感染,2700多人死亡。

意大利特伦托大学的Giulia Giordano和同事在4月23日发表于《自然—医学》的一项研究中预测了新冠疫情在意大利的走向。研究模型将相关感染分为8个阶段,区分了确诊人群和非确诊人群,或能为意大利等地的决策者提供一个评估可用策略效果的工具,这些策略包括封城和社交疏远,检测和接触者追踪。该研究显示,现已采取的社交疏远措施是必要且有效的,应在最初阶段就立即予以实行。研究还发现,封城措施只有在落实大规模检测和接触者追踪的情况下才能安全地解除。

研究者描述了一个新冠大流行的流行病学新模型“SIDARTHE”,区分已确诊(已诊断)病例和未确诊(未诊断)病例,并能按严重程度划分不同病例。作者将人口分为8个疾病阶段:疑似(未感染);已感染(无症状或少症状感染,未检测);已诊断(无症状感染,已检测);患病(有感染症状,未检测);已确诊(有感染症状,已检测);病危(有危及生命的感染症状,已检测);痊愈(已康复);去世(已死亡)

作者利用意大利从2月20日(第一天)至4月5日(第46天)的数据,分析了逐步的限制措施(包括最近一次从3月9日开始的封城)如何影响了疫情在意大利的传播。作者还模拟了不同应对策略效果的长期可能场景,包括社交疏远、接触者追踪和全民检测。据模型预测,同时感染人数达峰在第50天左右,有0.19%的人口受到感染;但同时确诊人数达峰要等到约一周之后。

研究结果证实了一种假说,即诊断行动可以降低感染峰值,有助于更快结束疫情。该模型并未考虑由于医疗系统满负荷或超负荷运转而导致的医疗资源紧张,但作者指出,这类分析可以间接进行。比如,当重症患者较多时,病死率就会因重症监护室(ICU)数量不足而上升。

作者还发现,采取部分封城的举措会让同时感染人数和ICU收治患者的高峰延迟,但总的感染和ICU收治人数只会出现轻微下降;相反,实行非常严格的社会疏远策略可以让同时感染人数和ICU收治患者的峰值出现可预期的降低,总的感染和ICU收治人数会出现显着下降。作者估计,较宽松的封城措施会在第一年出现7万例死亡病例,而较严格封城措施则对应2.5万例死亡病例。

原始出处:

Giordano, G., Blanchini, F., Bruno, R. et al. Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy. Nat Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0883-7.

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    2020-04-23 liye789132251
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    2020-04-25 fengyi818
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    2020-04-25 智慧医人

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