Nature Medicine:深度学习快速检测艾滋病

2021-06-23 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究经证明了深度学习对RDT图像的准确分类的潜力,其整体性能的准确率为98.9%,明显高于研究参与者的传统视觉解释(92.1%),而报告的准确率为80-97%。

尽管深度学习算法在疾病诊断方面显示出越来越大的前景,但在该领域执行的快速诊断测试中,它们的使用尚未得到广泛测试。

Nature Medicine杂志发表文章,使用深度学习对在南非农村获得的快速人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)检测图像进行分类。使用三星SM-P585平板电脑新开发的图像采集协议,60名现场工作人员定期收集艾滋病毒横向流动测试的图像。

信息图表说明了数据捕获在支持现场决策方面的好处。现场工作人员当前使用的工作流程(蓝色);该研究提出的自动RDT分类器的mHealth系统加上数据捕获和传输到安全的mHealth数据库(橙色);以及部署拟议系统所带来的好处(绿色)。黑色矩形代表平板电脑或智能手机。

图像采集、图像预处理和训练库的标准化。a,现场工作人员在南非农村实地拍摄了两个艾滋病毒rdt在解译时的照片(图片来源:非洲卫生研究所)。这两个HIV rdt安装在一个塑料托盘中,用于标准化图像捕获和便于图像预处理。b解读过程,从研究过程中使用的HIV RDTs的原始图片出发,预处理选择ROI,然后解读测试结果。如果解释时,纸带上有两行(对照+测试),则测试结果为阳性。注:对于ABON HIV RDT,根据HIV感染类型(分别为HIV-1HIV-2),可以出现12个不同的检测线(T1T2)。无论存在哪条测试线,或者在解释时是否存在两条测试线,测试结果都是阳性的。如果只存在最上面的一行(对照),则测试为阴性;如果看不到控制线,则认为测试无效。c,在南非农村实地收集的HIV RDTs图片库快照(11,374张图片中随机选取162),说明了颜色、背景和亮度的多样性。

算法训练和性能。a,表显示了训练库中图像的数量,分为两个标签类别(正负),以及对应于测试类型的两个子类别。b,表总结了使用交叉验证的训练过程,训练集n = 3998 (a)n = 6221 (b)。灵敏度和特异性使用持有测试数据集n = 445 (a)n = 693 (b)获得。柱状图显示了在我们的数据集上训练的四种分类方法的平均性能(敏感性和特异性),使用交叉验证(误差条表示均值的标准差)。在ImageNet数据集上预训练的三个cnn (ResNet50, MobileNetV2MobileNetV3)使用我们的数据集进行再训练和测试。利用方向梯度直方图提取的特征对SVM进行训练。所有四个分类器都使用b中描述的训练集进行训练。使用b中描述的保留测试数据集获得灵敏度和特异性。

mHealth系统与传统目视解释的性能评估:现场试点研究。a,使用传统目视解译方法解释HIV RDT结果时,两组研究参与者之间的一致性(%)的图形。参与者为2名经验丰富的护士(N1N2)3名社区卫生工作者(C1C2C3)。每对参与者有n = 38HIV RDT。根据研究中使用的两种HIV RDT进行观察。两个图形上的紫色边区域突出了两名经验丰富的护士之间的协议,而橙色边区域突出了三对社区卫生工作者之间的协议。b,混淆矩阵显示TNFPFNTP结果的数量,将mHealth系统的解释(上行)和传统的可视解释(下行)与地面真相进行比较。左边的红色矩阵包括所有研究参与者的结果,它们被分为有经验的护士(橙色矩阵)和社区卫生工作者(紫色矩阵)c,显示个体参与者绩效指标的条形图。参与者分为经验丰富的护士和社区卫生工作者。性能指标是mHealth系统的性能与传统可视解释的性能的比值:性能指标≥1表示mHealth系统的性能优于(或等于)传统可视解释。观察结果根据研究中使用的两种HIV RDT进行区分。

从11374张图像中,训练深度学习算法来将测试分类为阳性或阴性。对作为移动应用部署的算法进行的试点现场研究表明,与由有经验的护士和新培训的社区卫生工作者进行的传统目视解译相比,该算法具有很高的敏感性(97.8%)和特异性(100%),并减少了假阳性和假阴性的数量。

总之,该研究经证明了深度学习对RDT图像的准确分类的潜力,其整体性能的准确率为98.9%,明显高于研究参与者的传统视觉解释(92.1%),而报告的准确率为80-97%。鉴于每年进行1亿次艾滋病毒检测,质量保证方面哪怕是很小的改进,也会减少计划生育和FN的风险,从而影响数百万人的生活。该研究证明了深度学习模型可以部署在现场的移动设备上,而不需要适配器或其他附件。它为基于深度学习的放心诊断奠定了基础,证明了与移动设备连接的RDTs可以为决策者实现测试结果的捕获和解释标准化,减少解释和转录错误以及劳动力培训。研究结果基于对现场工作者、护士和社区卫生工作者的艾滋病毒检测决策支持,但未来可能适用于对自我检测的决策支持。该研究以艾滋病毒为例进行了重点研究,但分类器适应两种不同测试类型的能力表明,它能够适应涵盖传染性和非传染性疾病的大量RDTs。该平台可用于人员培训、质量保证、决策支持和移动连接,为疾病控制战略提供信息,加强医疗保健系统效率,改善患者结果和疫情管理。理想的连接系统将连接的RDT与实验室系统连接起来,通过远程监测RDT的功能和使用,也可以使卫生项目优化测试部署和供应管理,以实现可持续发展目标,并确保没有人掉队。联网RDT的实时预警能力还可以通过绘制包括COVID-19在内的流行病“热点”,支持公共卫生疫情管理,以保护民众。

该研究结果为中低收入国家基于深度学习的诊断新范式奠定了基础,被称为“放心诊断”。“放心诊断”是实时连接、易于采集标本、价格合理、敏感、具体、用户友好、快速、无需设备和可交付的缩写。这类诊断具有潜力,可为员工培训、质量保证、决策支持和移动连接提供平台,以便为疾病控制战略提供信息,加强医疗保健系统效率,改善新发感染的患者结果和疫情管理。

原文出处

Turbé, V., Herbst, C., Mngomezulu, T. et al. Deep learning of HIV field-based rapid tests. Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01384-9

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    2021-07-21 liye789132251
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    2021-11-22 jeanqiuqiu
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    2021-06-24 智慧医人
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    2021-06-23 亭儿789

    学习学习吧

    0

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    2021-06-23 学医无涯

    快速检测很有市场

    0

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