Nature:研究人员发现可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默病的信号分子

2021-07-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结。

神经胶质细胞生态系统内的通信对于神经元和大脑健康至关重要但是神经胶质细胞对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者大脑中 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 和神经原纤维 tau 的积累和清除的影响知之甚少,尽管人们越来越意识到这些是治疗上重要的相互作用

发表在《自然》杂志上由马萨诸塞州综合医院 (MGH) 的研究人员领导一项研究确定了一种特殊的信号分子该信号分子可以帮助改变炎症和免疫系统以预防阿尔茨海默病研究发现一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结

当神经元开始死亡时,与阿尔茨海默病相关的认知能力下降。神经元死亡可能是由不当的免疫反应和过度的神经炎症或大脑炎症引起的,由高水平的淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引发

“一旦神经元开始大量死亡,称为小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的脑细胞——它们通常是清理碎片的培养细胞——就会被激活以引起神经炎症,以保护大脑。它们在进化上被编程为消灭大脑区域神经元细胞死亡过多,因为它可能是由于感染引起的,必须阻止其传播,

在阿尔茨海默病的情况下,淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引起的神经元细胞死亡激活了这种反应。随着神经炎症的发生,细胞死亡的数量至少是由斑块和缠结引起的死亡数量的 10 倍。所以阻止神经炎症的进展很关键!

 该研究结果发现星形胶质细胞来源的白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 编程小胶质细胞可以改善 AD 的进展星形胶质细胞组成性地产生 IL-3,它引发小胶质细胞的转录、形态和功能编程,赋予它们急性免疫反应程序、增强的运动性以及聚集和清除 Aβ 和 tau 聚集体的能力。这些变化限制了 AD 病理和认知能力下降。研究员将 IL-3 确定为星形胶质细胞 - 小胶质细胞串扰的关键介质和 AD 治疗干预的节点。

“知道星形胶质细胞通过 IL-3 与小胶质细胞对话以教育小胶质细胞并帮助它们降低阿尔茨海默病的严重程度,这可能具有重要的临床意义,”Swirski 说。“我们现在可以考虑一下如何使用IL-3不仅有助于遏制了神经炎症--是进行神经元细胞死亡的阿尔茨海默氏病的大头,但也诱使小胶质细胞扫清Aβ 和 tau 聚集体

“在大脑中发现 IL-3 令人惊讶,”第一作者、系统生物学中心的讲师 Cameron McAlpine 博士说。“我们的研究结果表明,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞之间通过 IL-3 的通讯是一种重要的机制,它可以通过指导小胶质细胞适应保护功能来预防阿尔茨海默病。随着进一步研究,IL-3 信号可能提供一个新的治疗机会来对抗神经系统疾病。

 

参考文献Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer's disease, Nature (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03734-6 , www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03734-6

 

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APOE4与淀粉样蛋白-β无关,通过周细胞中的亲环素A途径,加速阿尔茨海默病小鼠的晚期血脑屏障断裂和神经变性,对AD的血管和神经退行性疾病的发病和治疗有一定的意义。

EClinicalMedicine:重磅!导致阿尔茨海默病的不是淀粉样β斑块,或将改写临床痴呆症治疗方法!

研究发现导致认知受损的不是斑块。尽管脑淀粉样变性增加,但正常认知和海马体积与保持高可溶性 Aβ42 水平有关。

香港科大叶玉如团队研发简单血液测试可及早检测阿尔茨海默病

香港科技大学28日宣布,该校领导的一支国际研究团队成功研发出简单可靠的血液检测方法,能及早筛查并识别阿尔茨海默病患者,准确率逾96%。

Brain Connect:小脑在AD大脑连接变化中起着重要作用

小脑高代谢是阿尔茨海默病的一个强大的神经影像学特征。此外,小脑的高代谢与该区域介数中心性的增加有关,表明小脑在AD期间大脑连接变化中起着重要作用。

J Control Release:艾地苯醌纳米棒制剂治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效好

IDBNRs在不同介质中具有快速释放活性药物和体外抗氧化能力

拓展阅读

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AAN 2024:阿尔茨海默病新疗法!这种口服药或可实现可防可治“双突破”

在2年的时间里,口服ALZ-801可显著降低血浆p-tau181和Aβ42,这表明淀粉样蛋白清除率有所提高。

Lancet子刊:唐氏综合征患者与常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病患者 tau 蛋白扩散的比较

虽然唐氏综合征患者和常染色体显性遗传阿尔茨海默病患者的淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的一般进展相似,但这两类患者的tau蛋白负荷在空间分布、时间和程度上存在细微差别。

Annals of neurology: 日常数字测试对认知功能未受损的老年人淀粉样蛋白相关变化的早期识别作用

与Aβ相关的早期记忆衰退可以通过评估几天的学习曲线来发现,这表明记忆巩固的障碍早于AD的其他常规记忆障碍

IVD前沿丨阿尔茨海默病检测标志物必看综述

在这篇文章中,作者提供了基于生物标志物的AD分期系统的最新综述,并考虑了基于液体生物标志物的未来分期系统。

Sci Adv:华中科技大学骆海明团队开发阿尔茨海默病生物标志物的快速检测平台

iMEP技术还能够熟练量化与疾病发病机制相关的不同外泌体生物标志物水平。