Diabetes Care:注意了!2型糖尿病患者的肾脏功能检测远不达标!

2021-09-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

对于T2DM患者,美国糖尿病协会(ADA)建议至少每年检测eGFR和uACR。

每九个成年人中就有一个患有2型糖尿病(T2DM),其中三分之一的人还患有慢性肾脏病(CKD),指的是肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降或白蛋白尿升高。大多数CKD患者不知道自己的病情。为了提高识别率,临床指南建议用血清肌酐和尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(uACR)估计的GFR(eGFR)测试高风险患者。

对于T2DM患者,美国糖尿病协会(ADA)建议至少每年检测eGFR和uACR。此外,对于非怀孕的糖尿病和高血压患者,当uACR测量为30-299mg/g时,ADA建议使用ACE抑制剂或血管紧张素受体阻断剂(ARBs),当uACR≥300mg/g和/或eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2时,强烈建议使用。

为了全面了解美国T2DM患者CKD的检测情况,来自美国医疗集团协会的专家团队开展了一项全国性的研究。分析了来自24家医疗机构和1164个临床实践点的513165名T2DM成人患者的电子健康记录数据。评估了截至2019年9月的1年、2年和3年内,按医疗机构和临床实践地点,同时具有一个或多个eGFRs和一个或多个uACRs的患者百分比,以及每个测试的情况。结果发表在Diabetes Care杂志上。

结果显示,各医疗机构1年内uACR和eGFR的中位检测率为51.6%,eGFR为89.5%,uACR为52.9%。uACR检测在各医疗机构的差异(第10-90百分位数)为44.7%至63.3%,在各医疗机构的差异为13.3%至75.4%。在3年内,各机构的uACR检测率中位数为73.7%。

总体而言,检测到的白蛋白尿升高的发生率为15%。检测到的白蛋白尿升高的平均流行率随着各机构uACR检测率的提高而线性增加,在uACR检测率为20%、50%和100%时,估计流行率分别为6%、15%和30%。

将标准扩大到eGFR和过去一年的任何尿蛋白测试,各机构的中位数(第10-90百分位)测试率为66.4%(58.9-72.4%),各临床实践基地的测试率为67.0%(36.9-81.1%)。使用eGFR和任何尿蛋白或ACE抑制剂或ARB,使过去一年各机构的中位数比率提高到80.1%(76.8-84.9%),各临床实践基地的中位数比率为80.8%(56.6-90.1%)。

按机构和临床实践地点划分的eGFR和uACR检测率

综上,虽然T2DM患者的eGFR检测率一致很高,但uACR的检测率并不理想,而且在所考察的机构中变化很大。指南推荐的uACR检测应增加对CKD的检测。

 

参考文献:

Chronic Kidney Disease Testing Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Across 24 U.S. Health Care Organizations. Diabetes Care 2021 Sep; 44(9): 2000-2009.

https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2715

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JAMA子刊:患有糖尿病的青少年的心肺功能是否更差,体育锻炼是否更少?

该研究结果表明,与患有 T1D 的青少年相比,患有 T2D 的青少年CRF的缺陷更大,进一步呼吁采取新的干预措施,增加T2D青少年定期参加体育锻炼。

糖尿病诊断新指标!糖耐1小时血糖在此范围可确诊,且可更早发现患者

该立场声明提出75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后1小时血糖(1-h PG)检测可为一种更灵敏、更实用的方法,用于筛查高危人群的中度高血糖(IH)和2型糖尿病。

糖尿病加速脑力衰退?苏大附一薛群团队:认知能力下降速度加快近70%

在7年随访中,新发糖尿病与发病后约4年内的认知能力下降速度加快相关(与糖尿病前期相比,下降速度加快约68%),而糖尿病前期与非糖尿病人群相比则没有这样的变化趋势。