令人惊喜!Cell:阻断TREM2可增强肿瘤免疫疗法,小鼠模型肿瘤完全清除

2020-08-14 生物探索 生物探索

免疫疗法的出现,彻底改变了癌症治疗方法。然而,目前的免疫疗法药物仅对四分之一不到的患者有效。因为,肿瘤太“狡猾”了,为了逃避T细胞的免疫监视,癌细胞抑制了它们的免疫原性特征,并

免疫疗法的出现,彻底改变了癌症治疗方法。然而,目前的免疫疗法药物仅对四分之一不到的患者有效。因为,肿瘤太“狡猾”了,为了逃避T细胞的免疫监视,癌细胞抑制了它们的免疫原性特征,并诱导一个微环境,积极地抑制免疫反应。

那么,癌细胞是怎么抑制免疫反应的呢?原来它是通过引入免疫检查点,如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4 (CTLA-4)和程序性死亡-1 (PD-1),直接影响T细胞反应。而检查点抑制剂可有效的“打醒”T细胞,从而开始攻击肿瘤。但是当肿瘤环境仍然具有免疫抑制作用时,仅检查点抑制可能不足以消除肿瘤。

进一步研究发现,肿瘤还通过吸收骨髓细胞积极抑制抗肿瘤T细胞反应。髓细胞是许多肿瘤微环境中重要的细胞组成部分,并通过多种机制抑制T细胞反应。虽然被认为是抑制细胞,但最近的研究表明,肿瘤浸润的骨髓细胞具有相当的异质性,实际上可能包括免疫刺激和免疫抑制亚群。因此,如果从肿瘤中去除抑制髓细胞,阻断其功能,或诱导具有免疫刺激特性的髓细胞,可能是改进免疫治疗策略的重要方法,可能与免疫检查点抑制剂协同使用。

思路已经清晰了,现在研究人员需要找到“候选人”。

8月12日,在《Cell》杂志上发表的一篇论文中,美国华盛顿大学的研究人员注意到一种髓细胞受体TREM2,它负责传递细胞内信号。过往研究发现,TREM2能够维持小胶质细胞对神经退行性病变的反应,如阿尔茨海默症。同时,TREM2也被肿瘤浸润的巨噬细胞表达。

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.013

在最新的研究中,研究人员发现TREM2就是完美的“靶标”,因为TREM2实在肿瘤内部大量表达,这意味着靶向TREM2时不会对周围组织产生影响。小鼠实验也证实了这一点,通过阻断TREM2蛋白增强了PD-1抗体的作用,可将小鼠肿瘤完全清除。

具体来说,该团队首先证明了在缺乏TREM2的小鼠体内移植的肿瘤生长更加缓慢。进一步的分析表明,在这些动物中,CD8 + T细胞对肿瘤的作用更强,并且对抗PD-1检查点抑制剂的反应也可能更强。研究人员随后进行了一项研究,以检验直接阻断TREM2对小鼠的肿瘤生长的影响。

他们将癌细胞注入小鼠体内,以诱导肉瘤的发展。然后将这些小鼠分为四个治疗组。一组接受了阻断TREM2的单克隆抗体(mAb)。第二组接受了检查点抑制剂;第三组使用抗TREM2抗体和检查点抑制剂组合进行治疗;第四组是对照组,接受了安慰剂。

研究结果证实,肉瘤在接受安慰剂的小鼠中稳定生长。在仅接受TREM2抗体或接受检查点抑制剂的动物中,大多数情况下肿瘤也在缓慢的生长。相反,所有接受两种抗体的小鼠在短短10天后肿瘤就开始减小,20多天时大部分肿瘤完全消失。研究人员使用结直肠癌细胞系重复了该实验,结果相似。

 

研究人员分析了仅用TREM2抗体治疗的小鼠肿瘤中的免疫细胞。他们发现,抑制性巨噬细胞大量缺失,T细胞丰富而活跃。这表明,阻断TREM2是增强T细胞抗肿瘤活性的有效手段。

进一步的实验表明,在多种癌症中都发现了带有TREM2的巨噬细胞。为了评估TREM2表达与临床结果之间的关系,研究人员转向了癌症基因组图谱,这是由美国国家癌症研究所和美国国家人类基因组研究所共同维护的癌症遗传数据库。他们发现,在结直肠癌(CRC)和三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)中,较高的TREM2水平与较短的生存期相关。研究人员表示:“对数据库的分析表明,抗TREM2治疗在CRC和TNBC中可能特别有前景,因为TREM2表达与这些癌症患者的总体生存和复发呈负相关。”

那么,TREM2能否扩展到其他类型的癌症?研究人员通过对人类肿瘤的广泛病理研究表明,TREM2可能是一个特别有吸引力的治疗靶标,因为它在检查的200多例原发性和转移性肿瘤中绝大多数都高度表达。相反,TREM2在正常组织中并未高度表达。这意味着,通过抗TREM2 mAb重塑与肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞是助力检查点免疫疗法的有前景的途径。

下一步,研究人员将通过人类抗体来建立动物模型,如果一切顺利,将继续推进临床试验。我们期待这一方法早日向推进临床,造福更多癌症患者。

原始出处:

Martina Molgora, Ekaterina Esaulova, William Vermi, et.al. TREM2 Modulation Remodels the Tumor Myeloid Landscape Enhancing Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cell August 11, 2020

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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e85412895, createdName=ms3000000280314497, createdTime=Mon Aug 24 02:39:02 CST 2020, time=2020-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436812, encodeId=4ab814368121c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9424e199a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠模型#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47199, encryptionId=a9424e199a5, topicName=小鼠模型)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1488615, encodeId=804e1488615ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6af11e794ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TREM2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17794, encryptionId=6af11e794ec, topicName=TREM2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da1b8457731, createdName=wincls, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521497, encodeId=b3da152149e5e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e108281e8f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82817, encryptionId=0e108281e8f, topicName=肿瘤免疫疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047843, encodeId=cab7104e8431c, content=梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Aug 14 16:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-05-23 tongyongming
  4. 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  5. 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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e85412895, createdName=ms3000000280314497, createdTime=Mon Aug 24 02:39:02 CST 2020, time=2020-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436812, encodeId=4ab814368121c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9424e199a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠模型#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47199, encryptionId=a9424e199a5, topicName=小鼠模型)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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  6. 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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e85412895, createdName=ms3000000280314497, createdTime=Mon Aug 24 02:39:02 CST 2020, time=2020-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1436812, encodeId=4ab814368121c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9424e199a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠模型#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47199, encryptionId=a9424e199a5, topicName=小鼠模型)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047843, encodeId=cab7104e8431c, content=梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Aug 14 16:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-24 ms3000000280314497

    trem2抑制剂,在哪购买

    0

  7. 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  8. 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    2020-08-16 wincls
  9. 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  10. 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createdBy=995711357332, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 04:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047843, encodeId=cab7104e8431c, content=梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Aug 14 16:11:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-14 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

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