抗体药物研发中具有重要作用的抗独特型抗体研究介绍

2020-06-23 北京义翘神州 北京义翘神州

在抗体药研发过程中,有两项指标是非常重要的:免疫原性检测和药代动力学检测。

抗体药物在最近几年具有良好的发展势头,因其靶向性强、疗效好、副作用小等特点,不仅在肿瘤癌症治疗中大放异彩,在自身免疫疾病、血管疾病等疾病中也有卓越表现。在一份市场报告中,预测2020年全球抗体类药物的市场规模将超过1400亿美元。

在抗体药研发过程中,有两项指标是非常重要的:免疫原性检测和药代动力学检测

抗体药物完全人源化,可以避免鼠源成分带来的各种安全性风险,但是也会产生一定的抗药抗体(Anti-drug antibody, ADA)。ADA能够降低药效甚至导致不良反应。为了在临床前和临床研究中有效评估抗体药物的免疫原性,开发可靠的评估检测方法尤为重要。

抗体药代动力学(PK)检测是通过检测抗体药物在动物或人血清中的血药浓度,分析药物吸收、分布、代谢等过程,对药物的临床安全性及有效性进行评估,确定药物初始使用剂量,指导临床用药。检测血液中抗体药物的含量,包括游离型、结合型及总量,分析抗体药物的药代动力学和药效学,需要建立合适的方法。

抗独特型抗体已经成熟运用与抗体药物的免疫原性检测和药代动力学检测:

抗独特型抗体是能够识别抗体可变区独特型,并产生特异性结合的抗体。抗独特型抗体根据结合表位的不同,可以分为竞争型(抗原阻断型)和非竞争型(抗原非阻断型)两种。抗独特型抗体作为有目的制备的抗抗体,是ADA检测参照的最佳选择,在免疫原性分析中发挥着重要作用。并且因其特异性结合表位不同,可用于检测血液中抗体药物的含量,在抗体药物的药代动力学分析中起着重要作用。

抗独特型抗体制备比普通抗体困难,因为它属于抗抗体。抗体的独特型存在于高变区,相较于Fc端,免疫原性较弱。在免疫过程中需要兼顾抗独特型抗体对抗体药物的识别能力,还需降低非特异型区域的免疫反应,一般可通过选择合适的免疫原、免疫周期及佐剂等方法提供目的片段的免疫原性。

抗独特型抗体包括多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体,在药物研发过程中,需根据综合实验目的和具体需求,选择合适的抗体类型。抗独特型单抗表位单一、特异性好,制备过程长,成本相对较高,但一旦制备成功,就可以获得稳定性高的抗体,具有更高的实用性。抗独特型多抗制备周期短、成本低,但特异性差、稳定性低。单抗靶向单一表位,不能反映血液样本的整体情况,而多抗可以模拟血液样本的整体情况,可以说两种类型的抗独特型抗体各有优劣。

抗独特型单克隆抗体根据与抗体药物结合部位的不同,分为竞争型抗体和非竞争型抗体,在抗体药物含量检测中均发挥重要作用。竞争型抗体检测血液中游离药量,非竞争型抗体检测总药量。如果在抗体药物开发早期使用抗独特型抗体进行区分,可以在保证筛选成功率的情况下,降低筛选和鉴定工作量,较少无效工作,起到事半功倍的效果。抗独特型单克隆抗体的高亲和力和特异性,可以建立高效特异性抗体配对检测方法,为药代动力学研究提供重要助力。

抗独特型多克隆抗体,源自于抗血清的直接纯化。多克隆抗体特异性低,存在与同型人IgG和人总IgG交叉反应。在抗体纯化过程中,利用同型对照抗体吸附,可有效去除交叉抗体,但也会降低抗体产量。因此需要根据不同研发阶段的具体需求,结合纯化产量和特异性程度,有针对性的进行选择。

义翘神州具有十多年的抗体制备经验,拥有电融合、快速抗体制备。核酸细胞免疫等技术平台,已完成大量抗独特型抗体的制备项目。7月16日(周四)14:00,义翘神州高级研发经理李雁老师带来了一场精彩纷呈的线上免费直播课,让大家更好的了解抗独特型抗体制备过程中的难点及在抗体药物研发过程中的实际应用。

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    2020-06-25 lqvr
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加拿大卫生部批准首例新冠病毒抗体的血清学测试

加拿大卫生部声明,血清学测试将有助于更好地了解曾感染新冠病毒的人是否对该病毒具有免疫力,并在当地时间5月12日晚批准了该国第一例新冠病毒抗体的血清学测试。

无症状感染孕妇,生出男婴自带抗体

据深圳市第三人民医院网站消息,5月30日,深圳首名新冠病毒无症状感染孕妇小雨(化名)在该院顺利生下一名健康男婴。经检测,该男婴没有感染新冠病毒,但一出生就携带了新冠病毒抗体。