Nature:通过血检更早发现癌症的新方法

2018-11-17 佚名 中国生物技术网

由加拿大玛格丽特公主癌症中心首席研究员Daniel De Carvalho博士领导的癌症科学家团队将液体活检、表观遗传变化和机器学习结合开发出一种血液测试方法,能够在癌症的最早期阶段检测并确定癌症类型。

由加拿大玛格丽特公主癌症中心首席研究员Daniel De Carvalho博士领导的癌症科学家团队将液体活检、表观遗传变化和机器学习结合开发出一种血液测试方法,能够在癌症的最早期阶段检测并确定癌症类型。

这项11月14日发表在《Nature》上的研究不仅描述了一种检测癌症的方法,还为尽早发现癌症带来了希望,因为此时癌症更容易治疗,距离症状出现还很早。

De Carvalho博士说:“现阶段我们对此感到非常兴奋。癌症的一个主要问题是如何尽早发现它,这是一项大海捞针似的问题,因为我们要在血液中发现十亿分之一的癌症特异性突变,尤其是在早期阶段,此时血液中的肿瘤DNA数量非常少。”

该研究团队通过表观遗传变化而非突变确定了专属于每种癌症的数以万计的变化。然后通过大数据方法,他们利用机器学习技术开发的分类工具能够识别血液样本中来自肿瘤的DNA,从而确定癌症类型。这使“大海捞针”的问题转化为更容易解决的“在大海中捞成千上万根针”的问题,计算机只需要找到“几根针”就可以确定是什么癌症。

研究人员比较来自7个疾病部位(肺癌胰腺癌,结肠直肠癌乳腺癌白血病,膀胱癌和肾癌)的300个患者肿瘤样本和来自健康供体的样本,通过分析血浆中循环的无细胞DNA来追踪癌症起源和类型。在每个样本中,“飘浮”的血浆DNA与肿瘤DNA相匹配。该团队之后又扩大了研究范围。目前已经对来自更多癌症类型的700多种肿瘤和血液样本进行了分析和成功匹配。

除了在实验室中,下一步验证这种方法的研究工作已经在几个国家中开展,包括分析更大规模人口的数据。这些国家已经采集了在癌症确诊前几个月到几年的血液样本。该方法最终将在癌症筛查前瞻性研究中进行验证。

原始出处:Shu Yi Shen, Rajat Singhania, Gordon Fehringer, et al. Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes. Nature. 14 November 2018

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    2019-05-31 liye789132251
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    2018-11-18 Luyuxie_11
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1664068, encodeId=0f131664068eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a20c59283e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#早发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59283, encryptionId=a20c59283e5, topicName=早发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06c425715601, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Fri May 31 10:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883427, encodeId=98c8188342e90, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri May 31 10:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903348, encodeId=d11e19033488d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Wed Dec 12 05:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1447029, encodeId=9a24144e0298e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=549489135c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89135, encryptionId=549489135c5, topicName=血检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc1f5300484, createdName=Luyuxie_11, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 17:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352921, encodeId=d80f35292167, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 08:26:15 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352909, encodeId=9a3f352909d3, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Nov 18 07:03:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352876, encodeId=8c943528e603, content=值得期待, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e05b1639432, createdName=qzy, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:37:11 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-18 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1664068, encodeId=0f131664068eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a20c59283e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#早发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59283, encryptionId=a20c59283e5, topicName=早发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06c425715601, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Fri May 31 10:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883427, encodeId=98c8188342e90, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri May 31 10:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903348, encodeId=d11e19033488d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Wed Dec 12 05:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1447029, encodeId=9a24144e0298e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=549489135c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89135, encryptionId=549489135c5, topicName=血检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc1f5300484, createdName=Luyuxie_11, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 17:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352921, encodeId=d80f35292167, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 08:26:15 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352909, encodeId=9a3f352909d3, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Nov 18 07:03:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352876, encodeId=8c943528e603, content=值得期待, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e05b1639432, createdName=qzy, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:37:11 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-17 qzy

    值得期待

    0

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