Clin Gastroenterology H: 慢传输型便秘患者患帕金森病和结直肠癌的风险评估

2021-11-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

老年人便秘是指排便次数减少,同时排便困难、粪便干结。正常人每日排便1~2次或1~2日排便1次,便秘患者每周排便少于3次,并且排便费力,粪质硬结、量少。便秘是老年人常见的症状,约1/3的老年人出现便秘,

      便秘是一种在日常生活中非常常见疾病,在西方国家中影响了12%至33.5%人口。虽然这种疾病很少危及生命,但慢性顽固性便秘患者的生活质量会严重受损。对于患有难治性便秘并且生活质量严重受损的患者,应考虑手术干预,包括结肠切除术。此外,之前的几项研究也发现结直肠癌 (CRC) 与便秘之间存在关联。在 Guerin 等人的大型配对病例对照研究中,便秘患者发生CRC的风险显着更高。而且据报道,便秘患者患帕金森病 (PD) 的风险也会增加。在台湾的一项基于人群的研究中,便秘患者比对照组更容易发生 PD,并且风险与便秘严重程度相关。

 

      为了便于治疗顽固性便秘,研究人员将便秘患者根据结肠通过时间和肛门直肠功能分为不同临床的亚组。肛门直肠肌肉协调性异常和直肠排便障碍的患者被归类为排便障碍(DD);生物反馈疗法是对这些患者最有效的治疗方法之一。在结肠传输时间研究 (CTT) 中传输时间延迟的患者被归类为慢传输型便秘 (STC),而那些没有 DD 或 STC 的患者被归类为正常传输型便秘。

 

      研究人员为此收集了2165名诊断为便秘(基于罗马 II 标准)的患者(33.1% 男性;患者年龄中位数为 54 岁;症状持续时间中位数为 5.0 年)的数据,这些患者接受了肛门直肠功能测试和结肠转运时间评估,STC 的存在由结肠转运时间确定。最后使用 Kaplan-Meier 方法根据 STC 的存在分析和比较新诊断为帕金森病或 CRC 的累积概率。

 

 

      在4.7年的中位随访时间内,10名患者接受了便秘相关手术。便秘相关手术的累积概率在诊断便秘后 5 年和 10 年分别为 0.7% 和 0.8%。29 名患者 (1.3%) 患上了帕金森病;便秘诊断后的 1 年累积概率为 0.4%,5 年为 1.0%,10 年为 2.6%。10 年时,1.3% 的 STC 患者需要进行便秘相关手术,3.5% 的 STC 患者发展为帕金森病;相比之下,没有 STC 的患者都不需要进行便秘相关手术 ( P=.003),1.5%的患者发展为帕金森病 ( P =.019)。在多变量分析中,诊断便秘时年龄为 65 岁或以上的患者(风险比,4.834;95% CI,2.088-11.190)和 STC 的存在(风险比,2.477;95% CI,1.046-5.866)是与帕金森病的发展独立相关。

 

 

      本项研究证实在对韩国便秘患者的长期随访研究中,大多数患者没有出现严重的并发症。然而,新诊断为 STC 的 65 岁以上患者可能需要进行帕金森病的筛查

 

 

原始出处:

Eun Mi Song. Et al. Long-Term Risks of Parkinson’s Disease, Surgery, and Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation. Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology.2021.

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    2022-09-11 许安
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