专家“支招”食物过敏:改变烹饪方式

2020-08-15 新华网 新华网

对某种食物过敏却又不得不吃,这可如何是好?专家表示,改变加工方式能够降低一些食物的致敏性,这给食物过敏人群带来福音。

对某种食物过敏却又不得不吃,这可如何是好?专家表示,改变加工方式能够降低一些食物的致敏性,这给食物过敏人群带来福音。

“不同加工方式对食物致敏性的影响差别很大。”在近日举行的第十四届协和过敏性疾病国际高峰论坛上,中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院车会莲副教授说,食物加工方式分为热加工和非热加工两大类。总的来看,蒸、煮等湿热处理方式能够使得过敏食物的致敏性大大降低,高压锅的处理效果更好,发酵食品的致敏性也较低;相反,微波加热会增加食物的致敏性。

干热(如烤)、湿热(如蒸、煮)、高温高压、微波等处理方式都是传统的热加工方式,它们是如何改变食物的致敏性?车会莲介绍,热加工能够通过改变蛋白质分子内、分子间的相互作用,破坏食物中过敏原蛋白质的二级结构或三级结构,影响其构象表位,从而改变其致敏性。

同属热加工,干热处理和湿热处理改变食物致敏性的效果却不太一样。车会莲说,干热处理通过脱水干燥使蛋白质氧化、变性、碳化,而湿热处理更易于传递热量,与水的直接接触也使保持蛋白质稳定性的氢键更易被破坏,因而湿热处理是降低食物致敏性的一个好办法。

她举例说,关于核桃的干热和湿热处理的致敏性比较研究发现,干热处理,如烤核桃,对核桃蛋白的IgE结合能力、IgG结合能力都没有显着影响,而湿热处理,如蒸、煮,则显着降低了核桃蛋白的IgE结合能力和IgG结合能力。“也就是说,有些人吃烤核桃会过敏,但是喝核桃露时就不会过敏。相对来说,湿热处理能够显着降低核桃蛋白的致敏性。”

专家介绍,食物过敏可出现皮肤、胃肠道、呼吸道症状甚至危及生命的窒息和休克症状。目前,食物过敏尚无有效的根治方法,预防发病主要依靠避免食用致敏食物。

“绝大部分食物过敏原都是蛋白质,很多食物中都含有多种过敏原,这就给食物加工、降低或去除食物致敏性带来了很多挑战。”车会莲说,因此,降低或去除食物致敏性的研究要关注食物中的每一种过敏原。

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    2020-08-16 yhy100201
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    2020-08-16 1581f8c42cm

    0

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    2020-08-15 莉莉安 C.

    0

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    2020-08-15 刘晓捷

    哈哈哈哈还好哈哈哈

    0

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    2020-08-15 lac

    0

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