SCI REP:加拿大研究显示:恐惧会改变动物脑神经回路并影响行为习惯

2019-08-12 佚名 新华社

加拿大一项新研究显示,捕猎者带来的恐惧会在野生动物脑神经回路中留下可量化的持久印记,并改变动物行为习惯。

加拿大一项新研究显示,捕猎者带来的恐惧会在野生动物脑神经回路中留下可量化的持久印记,并改变动物行为习惯。精神心理学所谓的创伤后应激障碍就是这种影响的典型表现。

加拿大安大略西部大学研究人员在英国《科学报告》期刊上发表文章说,他们连续两天给黑头山雀播放捕食者(如猎鹰)的音频回放,对照组播放非捕食者的音频,接下来的7天让黑头山雀在户外一起生活。7天后,研究人员播放黑头山雀遇到捕食者发出的警示录音,并通过测量个体黑头山雀大脑中杏仁体和海绵体的基因转录因子水平,发现受过惊吓的黑头山雀神经回路中存在持续的影响。

研究人员说,上述实验表明,捕食者引发的恐惧不仅停留在动物看到捕食者并做出“反抗还是逃命”决策的那一瞬间,并且这种恐惧在事件结束7天后依然可以被量化和观测到。

越来越多的生态学研究人员提出,创伤后应激障碍实际上是一种进化上的原始机制,这种机制令受惊吓者将生存需要放在最高等级。此次的研究人员认为,捕食者留下的恐惧记忆对动物造成的影响如果成功帮助它们在未来躲避类似事件,将会是一种进化上的优势。新研究进一步表明,创伤后应激障碍是自然现象,这对生物医学研究人员、心理健康从业人员和生态学者从事相关工作都有重大启示。

原始出处:

Giuseppe Giannotti, Jasper A. Heinsbroek, et al. Prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles encoding fear drive fear expression during long-term memory retrieval. Scientific Reports 9 , 1–7.

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