DOM:固定比例的甘精胰岛素联合利司那肽(iGlarLixi)可以改善2型糖尿病患者ß-细胞功能

2022-05-17 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

对于许多成人2型糖尿病患者来说,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)是一种合适的初始注射疗法,这一点已得到广泛共识。

背景:2型糖尿病患者通常需要多种治疗才能达到并维持令人满意的血糖控制。对于许多成人2型糖尿病患者来说,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)是一种合适的初始注射疗法,这一点已得到广泛共识。GLP-1RA与基础胰岛素作为单独注射剂的组合已被证明是有效的,最近的LixiLan-G试验(NCT02787551)显示,与那些继续接受此类治疗的患者相比,利司那肽(一种短效GLP-1RA)和100U/ml甘精胰岛素(IGlarLixi)的可滴定固定比例组合显著改善了2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制。然而,尚不清楚该药物组合是否影响β细胞功能障碍,这是2型糖尿病的主要缺陷。

目的:多项研究支持GLP-1RA与基础胰岛素联合治疗对二联/三联口服治疗效果不佳的2型糖尿病患者的疗效。基础胰岛素+GLP-1RA的固定比例组合代表着便于管理的进一步进步。我们评估了固定比例联合基础胰岛素+GLP-1RA治疗对β细胞功能的影响。

材料和方法:本研究基于一项已报道的试验(LixiLan-G),这是一项随机、开放标签、积极对照、平行分组的3期26周治疗研究,iGlarLixi仅延长单臂26周的疗程。该研究是根据良好临床实践指南、国际协调会议和赫尔辛基宣言进行设计和监测的。每个研究地点的机构审查委员会或伦理委员会批准了该议定书。每个参与者都提供了书面知情同意书。简而言之,符合条件的参与者是在筛查前至少一年被诊断为2型糖尿病的成年人,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为7%-9%(53-75 mmol/mol),接受最大耐受量的GLP-1RA治疗,每天(每天一次服用60%的利拉鲁肽或每天两次服用埃塞那肽)或每周(服用度拉糖肽、埃塞那肽缓释剂或阿必鲁肽),背景是二甲双胍±吡格列酮(n=22)±a钠-葡萄糖协同转运体2抑制剂(n=42)。筛查前一年的胰岛素治疗是排除标准。在至少2周的筛查期后,参与者按1:1的比例随机进行,要么继续他们目前的GLP-1RA治疗,要么从他们目前的GLP-1RA切换到iGlarLixi治疗26周。在两组中,现有的口服药物都继续使用,不加修改。根据详细的滴定算法,iGlarLixi治疗开始于10个单位(10个单位的甘精胰岛素100U/ml/5μg lixisenatide),然后根据详细的滴定算法8(见Blonde等人的表S1),达到并维持80至100 mg/dl(4.4至5.6 mmol/L)的空腹自我监测血糖目标。GLP-1RA比较器治疗按照局部标记进行皮下注射,参与者继续随机前相同的剂量方案。基础胰岛素不被允许作为iGlarLixi臂的抢救治疗。在GLP-1RA组中,建议的抢救疗法是基础胰岛素,由研究人员自行决定。

在基线和第26周,参与者接受了标准化的混合餐测试(MMTT ),即含有约600千卡(50%-55%碳水化合物,15%-20%蛋白质和25%-30%脂肪)的液体配方。每天两次在餐前30分钟注射利拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽,并根据标签在一天中的任何时间注射每日利拉鲁肽,而每周服用GLP-1RA的参与者按照他们通常的每周计划注射药物。膳食试验优选在每周注射GLP-1RA后3天内进行。有时会采集血样-30分钟、0分钟、30分钟、60分钟、90分钟和120分钟进入MMTT,用于测定血浆葡萄糖和C肽。使用Roche Cobas分析仪测定血浆葡萄糖,通过双位点夹心免疫测定和直接化学发光法测定血浆C-肽,测定内和测定间精度范围为3%至5%(ADVIA Centaur C-肽ReadyPack美国纽约州塔里敦西门子医疗诊断公司)。

结果:GLP-1RA组26周时体重和糖化血红蛋白均下降,但胰岛素分泌/β细胞功能参数无明显变化。相比之下,在iGlarLixi组(n=189),糖化血红蛋白的降幅明显大于GLP-1RA组(p<0.0001),尽管体重增加了(+1.7±3.9 kg,p<0.0001)。在第26周,空腹和刺激的胰岛素分泌减少(P<.0001 vs.GLP-1RA),而β细胞对葡萄糖的敏感度增加了中位数35%(p=.0032 vs.GLP-1RA)。与GLP-1RA相比,iGlarLixi组的增量餐耐量试验葡萄糖面积的减少幅度更大(p<.0001)。

表1 基线代谢参数及其在随访时的变化

图1 两组在基线和26周时的血糖和C-肽曲线。曲线图是平均数的平均值±标准误差。GLP-1RA,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂

图2 iGlarLixi和GLP-1RA组在基线和26周时的胰岛素分泌-血糖剂量反应曲线。图中是平均值的标准误差。GLP-1RA,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂;甘精胰岛素100 U/ml +利司那肽

图3 第26周HbA1c <48 mmol/mol (<6.5%)概率的多变量逻辑回归。δ葡萄糖敏感性是第26周与基线之间葡萄糖敏感性的变化。由于较低的基线HbA1c与HbA1c达到< 48 mmol/mol (<6.5%)的概率增加相关,其优势比< 1。这是因为随着基线HbA1c的升高,达到目标的几率会降低。图是比值比和95%的置信区间。GLP-1RA,胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂;HbA1c糖化血红蛋白;iGlarLixi,甘精胰岛素100 U/ml +利司那肽;SD,标准偏差

结论:在服用二甲双胍的2型糖尿病患者中,服用iGlarLixi 26周可显著改善β细胞功能,同时减少内源性胰岛素的释放,减少对食物的吸收。

原文出处:Ferrannini E,  Niemoeller E,  Dex T,et al.Fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) improves ß-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Obes Metab 2022 06;24(6)

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