J Allergy Clin Immun:鼻炎有救了!研究发现慢性鼻窦炎的治疗靶点

2020-02-14 小通 生物通

大阪大学的研究人员近日研究了semaphorin蛋白的活性,这是一种细胞表面分子,参与了神经系统的信号传统和免疫分析。他们发现,semaphorin蛋白促进了ECRS患者的过敏反应和鼻息肉的发展。

大阪大学的研究人员近日研究了semaphorin蛋白的活性,这是一种细胞表面分子,参与了神经系统的信号传统和免疫分析。他们发现,semaphorin蛋白促进了ECRS患者的过敏反应和鼻息肉的发展。



慢性鼻窦炎是一种痛苦的疾病,影响患者的生活质量,加重患者的呼吸道感染症状,多见于儿童、老人和免疫力低下的人。慢性鼻窦炎又分为嗜酸细胞性慢性鼻窦炎(ECRS)和非ECRS鼻窦炎。许多研究都试图了解复发性ECRS的发病机理,但目前还没有人给出明确的解释。

大阪大学的研究人员近日研究了semaphorin蛋白的活性,这是一种细胞表面分子,参与了神经系统的信号传统和免疫分析。他们发现,semaphorin蛋白促进了ECRS患者的过敏反应和鼻息肉的发展。这项成果发表在《The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology》上。

对于嗜酸细胞性慢性鼻窦炎,一般认为嗜酸粒细胞浸润可能是炎症严重程度的一种指标,嗜酸粒细胞浸润越广泛,鼻窦黏膜越容易出现肿胀和息肉形成,出现下气道高反应性和哮喘的风险越高,鼻窦手术后黏膜持续炎症或出现息肉复发的可能性也越大。

目前的治疗方案包括鼻窦手术和全身糖皮质激素。不过,这些手术的效果可能不佳,而且会引起许多副作用。因此,靶向分子治疗有望为ECRS患者提供新的治疗选择。由于在发炎的气道组织中已鉴定出semaphorin蛋白,故它是这类疗法的潜在候选靶点。

通讯作者Masayuki Nishide表示:“在这项研究中,我们发现ECRS患者血清中的semaphorin蛋白水平升高,并且这种水平与疾病的严重程度呈正相关。于是我们怀疑,semaphorin蛋白在ECRS的发病机理中起到重要作用。”

大阪大学的研究团队发现,活化的嗜酸性粒细胞在细胞表面表达高水平的semaphorin蛋白,之后可通过酶促反应释放到周围环境中。semaphorin蛋白的可溶形式可以促使嗜酸粒细胞穿过内皮细胞内膜,导致炎症发生和鼻息肉形成。

第一作者Takeshi Tsuda表示:“我们的分析表明,在ECRS的小鼠模型中,不含semaphorin蛋白的小鼠的鼻部炎症情况比正常ECRS小鼠少,因此我们就测试了用抗体阻断semaphorin蛋白是否会影响正常ECRS小鼠的炎症。与预期一致,我们发现semaphorin的抗体可大大减少ECRS小鼠的鼻腔炎症。”

基于小鼠模型的结果,大阪大学的研究人员得出结论,semaphorin的抗体可为慢性鼻窦炎患者提供新的治疗选择。此外,ECRS患者的semaphorin蛋白水平升高,这表明它有望成为嗜酸细胞性慢性鼻窦炎的生物标志物。

原始出处:Takeshi Tsuda, Masayuki Nishide, Yohei Maeda, et al. Pathological and therapeutic implications of eosinophil-derived semaphorin 4D in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immun. February 5, 2020

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    2020-09-25 sandy99

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    2020-02-16 膀胱癌
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