胶质母细胞瘤磁共振强化不明显一例

2019-06-24 周良健 张明 刘艳 中国肿瘤外科杂志

患者,女,42岁,因“轻度头晕,伴右侧视野偏盲”于2015年4月2日入山东大学附属临沂市人民医院。患者入院前8天出现轻度头晕,伴右侧视野偏盲,认知功能障碍,记忆力减退。无恶心、呕吐、肢体抽搐发作、大小便失禁。

1.病历资料
 
患者,女,42岁,因“轻度头晕,伴右侧视野偏盲”于2015年4月2日入山东大学附属临沂市人民医院。患者入院前8天出现轻度头晕,伴右侧视野偏盲,认知功能障碍,记忆力减退。无恶心、呕吐、肢体抽搐发作、大小便失禁。
 
实验室检查未见异常。MRI检查:左侧颞叶占位性病变,信号不均匀,边界不清,7.0 cm×4.8 cm×4.5 cm,左侧脑室受压变形,中线结构右移,周围明显水肿。信号特点:病灶呈团片状长T1、T2信号,DWI、FLAIR呈混杂信号;增强扫描:局部可见轻度斑片状强化(图1)。



图1术前MRI检查及手术病理图片1A:T1WI病灶呈长T1信号;1B:T2WI病灶呈长T2信号;1C:T2WIFLAIR病灶呈边缘高、中心低信号;1D:T1WI增强扫描病灶未见明显强化;1E:DWI病灶呈边缘高、中心低信号;1F:瘤细胞密集、分化不成熟,出现单核和多核瘤巨细胞(HE×100)
 
由于病灶边界欠清,强化不明显,MRI检查诊断为低级别胶质瘤可能。入院后第5天行全麻下左侧颞枕马蹄形切口脑肿瘤切除术,术中所见:肿瘤淡红色或灰白色,质软,已突破皮层,局部可见血运,边界不清,周围水肿,深部达基底节,上部达外侧裂,下部至颅底。沿肿瘤后界分离,分块全切。患者术后神志清楚、精神尚可,双瞳孔等大等圆,光反射灵敏。
 
病理结果:胶质母细胞瘤。免疫组化:MGMT(++);P53(++++);GFAP(+++);IDH-1(+);PTEN(+);NeuN(+);LCA(-);CD20(-);CD45-R0(-)。患者术后19个月MRI检查提示复发,进行第二次手术,病理结果:胶质母细胞瘤(图2)。



图2术后复发MRI检查及二次手术病理图片2A:T1WI病灶呈长T1信号;2B:T2WI病灶呈长T2信号;2C:T2WIFLAIR病灶呈边缘高、中心略低信号;2D:T1WI增强扫描病灶可见明显斑片状强化;2E:DWI病灶呈边缘部分高信号影;2F:瘤细胞分化不成熟,出现单核和多核瘤巨细胞(HE×100)
 
2.讨论
 
胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma GBM)是成人脑部肿瘤中恶性程度最高的原发性肿瘤,由于肿瘤细胞多形性,胶质母细胞瘤又称为多形性胶质母细胞瘤。胶质母细胞瘤具有血管丰富、浸润性及易复发性等特点,WHO中枢神经系统肿瘤分类Ⅳ级。典型的胶质母细胞瘤MRI表现为T1WI实体部分呈等低信号,少数肿瘤实体内出现高信号,T2WI实体部分呈混杂高信号,增强扫描病灶强化明显且有较大坏死区。胶质母细胞瘤呈浸润性生长、血运丰富。故MRI增强扫描强化明显且大部分有坏死区。
 
本例患者术中所见符合胶质母细胞瘤特点,病理结果证实为高级别胶质瘤。但MRI检查肿瘤基本无强化且无明显坏死区,易误诊为低级别胶质瘤或强化不明显的颅内其他肿瘤。可能原因如下:①肿瘤生长未侵犯血脑屏障,强化剂很难达到病灶;②肿瘤血管密度不高,血供不够丰富。该患者术后复发区肿瘤强化明显,考虑手术破坏了血脑屏障或复发肿瘤组织血运有所变化。胶质母细胞瘤患者经全切、放疗、化疗等综合治疗后,平均复发时间8个月,平均生存期1年。
 
本例患者术后19个月复发,复发间隔时间明显长于胶质母细胞瘤平均生存期,复发时间较晚可能与初诊时疾病处于较早阶段或病灶强化不明显的胶质母细胞瘤为特殊类型有关。病灶强化强度可能与血脑屏障破坏程度及肿瘤内部血运丰富程度有关,病灶强化不明显可能预示肿瘤侵袭能力相对较弱。
 
原始出处:

周良健,张明,刘艳,肖帅,李洪艳,李明,张金岭,车峰远,衡雪源.胶质母细胞瘤磁共振强化不明显一例[J].中国肿瘤外科杂志,2018,10(03):198-199.

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    2019-06-25 百草

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肿瘤免疫治疗巨头百时美施贵宝(BMS)近日宣布,评估其PD-1肿瘤免疫疗法Opdivo(欧狄沃,通用名:nivolumab,纳武单抗)治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的III期临床研究CheckMate-498(NCT02617589)未能达到延长总生存期(OS)的主要终点。

找寻胶质母细胞瘤的阿喀琉斯之踵

赫尔辛基大学Pirjo Laakkonen教授领导的一个研究小组发现,胶质母细胞瘤细胞中小分子脂肪酸结合蛋白(MDGI或FABP3)的表达增加了它们侵入组织的能力,并且与较差的预后有关。

Radiology:复发胶质母细胞瘤动态对比增强MRI指标变异来源于哪里?

本研究旨在评价不同阅片者对胶质母细胞瘤患者行动态增强(DCE)MRI征象判读差异性(IRV)因素。

PNAS:小分子选择性诱导脑癌凋亡

最近,研究人员从基于细胞的化学筛选中鉴定出了一种小分子,称为RIPGBM。该筛选在多个原发性患者来源的GBM CSC培养物中选择性诱导细胞凋亡。

腺样型胶质母细胞瘤1例

患者男性,63岁,主因口角左偏10余天,于2016年9月12日入院。患者10余天前无明显诱因出现口角左偏,伴流涎,偶伴头痛、头晕,以左侧额部显著,呈钝痛,右下肢肌力降低,无恶心、呕吐,无幻嗅、幻听等。

J Clin Invest:揭示USP9X去泛素化ALDH1A3并维持GCSs的间充质特性

胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是最常见和破坏性的人脑恶性肿瘤,其特征在于广泛的肿瘤内异质性。尽管最近在多模式治疗方面取得了进展,但GBM患者的结果仍然令人沮丧。GBM拥有一个细胞亚群,称为GBM干细胞(GSCs),具有自我更新活性和多向分化潜能以及肿瘤起始能力。因此,迫切需要探索针对GSC的新治疗策略。并且,醛脱氢酶(ALDH)超家族包含19种酶,它们将内源和外源醛代谢成相应的羧酸。ALDH1A3是主要的