高脂牛奶大胆喝!乳制品(≥3份/天)对糖尿病患者的血糖、体重无影响

2020-08-14 生物探索 生物探索

糖尿病,部分是由于饮食习惯不健康导致的。例如,暴饮暴食、大鱼大肉以及偏少的五谷杂粮等等。如果按照这种理论,那么有人会反问:乳制品属于营养品,而且还是高脂的乳制品,真的可以随便喝吗?

糖尿病,部分是由于饮食习惯不健康导致的。例如,暴饮暴食、大鱼大肉以及偏少的五谷杂粮等等。如果按照这种理论,那么有人会反问:乳制品属于营养品,而且还是高脂的乳制品,真的可以随便喝吗?

在早前的研究中,脂肪酸和结果研究联盟(FORCE)已经指出血液和脂肪组织中含有三种脂肪酸的成年人患2型糖尿病(T2DM)的可能性较小,这说明膳食脂肪会影响糖代谢和胰岛素的敏感性,那么,高脂乳制品的摄入量是不是越多越好?

Doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002670

近日,发表在《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》的一篇名为“食用乳制品及其脂肪含量对2型糖尿病患者(糖尿病的主要类型)的血糖控制和血管疾病危险因素的影响”的研究,在2型糖尿病患者中考察了乳制品的摄入对血糖控制的影响,这项研究发现,在保证摄入热量相同情况下,2型糖尿病患者即使每天摄入大于3份的乳制品(不论是高脂还是低脂),对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重、血脂和血压均没有负面影响。

Doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa138

首先,研究小组筛选出符合条件的2型糖尿病患者,这些患者每天食用的乳制品不足3份。然后将他们随机分为3组:对照组、低脂组(乳制品≥3份/天)和高脂组(乳制品≥3份/天),并对HbA1c和体重BMI,身体成分参数,血压(BP)等参数进行了模型评估。

结果发现,尽管低脂组通过增加碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入量来弥补减少摄入的脂肪含量,以上3组的糖尿病患者总体上饱和脂肪的总体能力摄入百分比没有明显差异,这说明即便是摄入了高脂乳制品,但是并没有引起体内总脂肪含量的增加。

参与者的参数变化(部分)

接下来,研究人员考察了糖尿病患者的HbA1c和体重变化。结果显示,在第24周时,以上3组患者的HbA1c或体重的平均变化没有统计学上的显着差异。简单来讲,乳制品的类型(高脂还是低脂),在摄入热量不增加的情况下,并不会增加血糖水平和体重。

糖尿病患者的HbA1c和体重变化

此外,根据由剑桥大学医学研究理事会主导的一项发表在《PLOS》子刊的研究显示:经常摄入乳制品可大大降低糖尿病风险。看来,摄入3份以上的高脂牛奶不仅不会影响血糖和体重,还能降低患糖尿病的风险!

Doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.008

总之,这项研究告诉我们乳制品中的脂肪可能没有那么不健康,但前提是需要控制总热量的摄入。因此,在日常生活中,我们需要尽量少摄入红肉及某些肉制品,应适量甚至稍过量摄入含有饱和脂肪酸的乳制品,这不仅可以预防糖尿病,而且这种健康的饮食方式对我们的身体也是百利而无一害的。

此外,对于糖尿病患者而言,糖尿病治疗不仅包括药物治疗,还需要配合合理的饮食和运动。在饮食方面,需要注意饮食均衡、多吃高纤维食品(麦片、水果、蔬菜及豆类)、控制每日总热量和忌吃甜食,乖乖放弃糖果和甜品。另外,需注意少吃例如香蕉、西瓜和榴莲等含糖量高的水果。

原始出处:

Fumiaki Imamura , Amanda Fretts, Matti Marklund, et.al. Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLOS Medicine October 10, 2018

Joanna Mitri, Shaheen Tomah, Adham Mottalib, et.al. Effect of dairy consumption and its fat content on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 112, Issue 2, August 2020, Pages 293–302

Preserving Insulin Secretion in Diabetes by Inhibiting VDAC1 Overexpression and Surface Translocation in β Cells

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    2020-10-29 lovetcm

    #乳制品#一天一斤#牛奶#是否安全,这是最好的答案

    0

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    2020-08-16 pcw111
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    2020-08-14 Psycho.Dr Du

    吨吨吨,马上喝了一大罐#糖尿病#

    0

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    2020-08-14 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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