EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES:我国发现新型重组猪流感病毒:可能具备在人群中流行潜力

2022-06-24 “生命科学前沿”公众号 “生命科学前沿”公众号

在 2021年4月至202年2月期间该研究共收集了829份猪鼻拭子样本,分离了 8个甲型流感病毒:7个来自2021年8月,1个来自 2021年9月。

猪流感病毒是一种重要的人兽共患性病原。之前研究发现禽、猪和人的甲型流感病毒可以同时感染猪,并产生新的人畜共患病或大流行的可能性,突出了猪在甲型流感病毒重组和进化中的关键作用。

近日,香港大学公共卫生学院在EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES发表了题为“Natural Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like Swine H1N1 and Avian H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Pigs, China”的研究文章,该文章发现在中国H9N2禽流感病毒正在感染猪,并与猪流感病毒发生重组,提示中国及其它地区有必要继续对猪流感病毒进行监测。

重组猪流感病毒

在 2021年4月至202年2月期间该研究共收集了829份猪鼻拭子样本,分离了 8个甲型流感病毒:7个来自2021年8月,1个来自 2021年9月。研究人员将这些序列与参考序列进行比较发现:

2021年 8月检测到的甲型流感病毒是 H3N2病毒。这些病毒的血凝素和神经氨酸酶片段与人类H3N2猪甲型流感病毒有关;然而,它们的内部基因片段均来自大流行H1N1甲型病毒谱系。

2021年9月分离出的猪 H1N1 IAV,A/swine/HK/NS419/2021是多个猪流感谱系之间的重配。该病毒的PB1和M基因片段属于禽H9N2病毒亚型,但是该病毒包含源自 pH1N1 谱系的 PB2、聚合酶酸性和 NP 基因片段,其HA和NA基因片段属于欧亚禽类H1N1谱系,其非结构基因片段属于三重重配谱系。

进一步研究发现,A/swine/HK/NS419/2021分离株具有SH/F/98样谱系的PB1基因片段和G1样H9N2谱系的M基因片段。值得注意的是,在人类的人畜共患病病毒中也检测到了类似的 PB1 和 M 序列,在 H10N8 中检测到 PB1,在 H7N9 中检测到M,但这两个片段中并没有发现已知的哺乳动物宿主适应突变。该分离株的 PB1和M基因片段的编码蛋白质具有在哺乳动物和鸟类 IAV 中很少观察到的氨基酸序列。

人群中流行可能性?

2020年6月29日中国农业大学动物医学院刘金华教授和中疾控主任高福院士共同通讯在国际权威期刊《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)的发表了“Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection”的文章,讨论了多个欧亚禽流感样H1N1猪流感重组,其中一组重组基因表现出与该研究分离出的A/swine/HK/NS419/2021相似的基因型,唯一的不同是病毒的PB1和M基因片段属于pH1N1谱系。

上述文章发现,基因4型欧亚禽样猪甲型流感病毒可以结合人类唾液酸受体,使病毒能够在人类气道上皮细胞中有效复制。血清学监测进一步表明,10%的研究猪工人基因4型重组阳性。序列分析表明,上述文章报道的一些基因4型病毒和本研究分离出的欧亚禽样H1N1病毒可能有共同的祖先,提示需要对该基因型及其重组的流行潜力进行进一步风险评估。

此外,已有研究发现,人类感染相关的禽类甲型流感病毒包含源自禽 H9N2 病毒的内部基因,表明 H9N2病毒的内部基因可能有助于人畜共患病传播。在这篇文章中,研究人员在分离株中检测到猪甲型流感病毒与H9N2禽流感病毒的聚合酶碱性蛋白1和基质基因片段,提示该病毒株具有人畜共患病传播的可能性。

综上所述,该研究发现了一株欧亚禽型H1N1猪流感病毒,该病毒具有来自H9N2亚型的聚合酶基本1和基质基因片段,表明H9N2病毒正在感染猪,并在中国与猪流感病毒发生重组,提示中国及其它地区有必要继续对猪流感病毒进行监测。

原始出处:

Sun W, Cheng S, Lam K, et al. Natural Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like Swine H1N1 and Avian H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Pigs, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2022;28(7):1509-1512. doi:10.3201/eid2807.220642.

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    2022-10-19 huagfeg
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    2022-06-25 Tamikia
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    2022-06-25 muzishouyi
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    2022-06-25 dongjia2015