电子临床结果评估(eCOA)的发展与特点

2020-04-24 MedSci MedSci原创

欧美大约在2000年之后,形成了以电子化临床结果评估(electronic Clinical Outcome Assessment,eCOA)为临床研究患者管理解决方案的信息技术产品,并由此延伸出电子

欧美大约在2000年之后,形成了以电子化临床结果评估(electronic Clinical Outcome Assessment,eCOA)为临床研究患者管理解决方案的信息技术产品,并由此延伸出电子化患者报告结果(electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes,ePRO)之类的系列解决方案。

临床结果评估(COAs)衡量患者的症状、整体精神状态或疾病或病症对患者功能的影响,可用于确定健康干预措施是否对接受者有好处(或其他方面)。这一总括性术语包括许多类型的评估,包括患者报告的结果(PROs)、观察者报告的结果(ObsROs)、临床医生报告的结果(ClinROs)和与执行相关的结果。

通过将 COA 转化为电子格式,您即避免了传统纸质解决方案的弊端,如与人工数据输入相关的错误以及不准确、不完整或模糊数据。eCOA可及时交付准确的患者数据,并可通过使用日期和时间戳记、逻辑分支和编辑检查,确认数据准确性来减少参加临床试验的患者的负担,并达到以少量样品得到更精确临床试验结果的目的。

目前,BYOD获得了FDA的认可,允许其进入临床研究领域。所谓BYOD,即自备设备(Bring Your Own Device),FDA的松绑令意味着患者可以以非定制设备来报告其临床研究相关数据,在此过程中,促成的交互体验也将成为一种合理需求被关注到。

BYOD其实很简单,它允许临床试验的受试者使用自己的电子设备提供研究数据。此电子设备可以是智能手机、平板电脑、个人电脑等。受试者可通过浏览互联网浏览器或从App Store或Google Play商店下载的应用程序访问网络调查问卷。以往BYOD方法常用来在后期研究或短期研究中收集客观数据。随着越来越多的发起人接受这一方法,他们将更多关注点放在将BYOD方法运用在临床Ⅱ、Ⅲ期试验中。

BYOD包括基于web,基于APP等不同形式。基于应用程序的BYOD方法可将用药和预约提醒、PROs记录和其他信息发送到受试者自己的手机。

有行业内人员认为,新一代eCOA将以受试者(患者)为中心,打造基于患者结果的临床研究解决方案

eCOA电子化临床结果评估解决方案一般包括产品和临床试验服务两项。eCOA的设备包括专为临床试验设计的具有高分辨率,远程收集数据,记忆和自动数据传输的手持电子病历、平板电脑、呼吸机等。以及包括用于普通电话线的及个性化的语音互动提示系统(IVR) 。 服务方面,需要考虑eCOA的策略,仪器设备遴选/改善/开发,从纸质到电子化格式,以及法规遵从方面的支持。

eCOA设备能够极大程度保障研究的精度,提高研究的质量与效能,尤其是CNS领域尤其明显。

例如,基于BYOD的eCOA能够提高研究效率。将量表等直接置入相关设备中,方便患者填写。尤其对于上市后研究,样本量大时,以及需要频繁记录数据时,价值更大。

基于应用程序的BYOD方法允许研究人员通过定制的、可下载的移动应用程序管理大量的受试者报告结果(PROs,指任何来自受试者的,有关其健康状况和治疗效果的报告)。基于应用程序的BYOD方法可将用药和预约提醒、PROs记录和其他信息发送到受试者自己的手机。

基于应用程序的BYOD方法特别适用于以下研究:

(1)调查智能手机普及率高的受试者人群和区域;

(2)使用简单,相对较短的问卷调查;

(3)数据收集周期短(数周至数月);

(4)不支持主要终点(随着监管指南的开放发展)。

值得注意的是,虽然应用程序易于下载,但BYOD方法试验仍需对受试者进行流程培训。具备专业知识的临床结果评估提供者可以提供必要的经验,以确保在研究开始之前实施这些流程。这种专业知识包括设计应急预案以防止意料之外的情况发生,例如在研究中期(特别是研究已经进展很长时间),受试者智能手机丢失、损坏或更换。

如果给受试者提供的手持设备是手机,则该手机的短信、呼叫和浏览功能将被禁用,且只能运行专用的eCOA软件。这意味着受试者仅可以通过独特的代码登录、访问和完成研究问卷。

如前所述,在临床试验样本中给受试者提供合适的个人设备,使个人设备达到百分之百普及率是不可能的。研究人员需要采用灵活的提供方式,为那些无法访问自己设备的受试者提供设备,以避免偏倚。这在智能手机未普及的某些区域和某些人口中特别重要。虽然这种混合方法可以消除样本偏移的风险,但可能会影响采用BYOD方法的潜在节约成本。研究人员还需要考虑如何确保使受试者使用被提供的设备得到的端点数据与使用自己设备得到的端点数据相互等效的问题。

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    2020-11-06 circumcision
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    2020-06-10 smartjoy
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