Cancer Cell:效果更强劲!廖学斌/魏来合作揭示HPK1可成为T细胞免疫疗法的靶点

2020-09-03 枫叶 iNature

改善T细胞衰竭和增强效应子功能是改善免疫疗法的有希望的策略。HPK1是癌症免疫疗法的有希望的候选靶标。但是尚未很好地确定HPK1在基于T细胞的免疫疗法中的功能意义以及HPK1抑制T细胞功能的分子机制。

改善T细胞衰竭和增强效应子功能是改善免疫疗法的有希望的策略。HPK1是癌症免疫疗法的有希望的候选靶标。但是,尚未很好地确定HPK1在基于T细胞的免疫疗法中的功能意义以及HPK1抑制T细胞功能的分子机制。

清华大学廖学斌与中山大学魏来共同通讯再Cancer Cell 在线发表题为“Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase1 (HPK1) Mediates T Cell Dysfunction and Is a Druggable Target for T Cell-Based Immunotherapies”的研究论文,该研究显示HPK1-NFκB-Blimp1轴介导T细胞功能障碍。MAP4K1的高表达(编码HPK1)与T细胞衰竭的增加和某些癌症类型患者的较差生存有关。

在MAP4K1KO小鼠中,肿瘤的生长比野生型小鼠慢,并且浸润性T细胞的衰竭程度降低,活性和增殖性更高。进一步表明,针对嵌合体(PROTAC)介导的HPK1的遗传耗竭,药理学抑制或蛋白水解,可在血液和实体瘤的各种临床前小鼠模型中提高基于CAR-T细胞的免疫疗法的功效。这些策略比在CAR-T细胞中遗传消除PD-1更有效。因此,该研究证明HPK1是T细胞功能障碍的介体,并且是改善免疫治疗反应的有吸引力的可药物化靶标。

内源性或过继转移的细胞毒性T细胞是抗肿瘤免疫的重要介质。持续的抗原暴露导致T细胞逐渐分化为衰竭状态,其特征是效应器功能和增殖能力的层次性丧失以及明显的转录,表观遗传和代谢变化。了解如何预防T细胞衰竭并因此扩展其效应子功能是目前免疫肿瘤学中最紧迫的问题之一。

基于衰竭的T细胞恢复活力的癌症免疫疗法(例如检查点封锁疗法)已提供了治疗益处。尽管如此,许多患者仍未达到持久反应,并且已提出这种治疗失败的可能原因是衰竭的T细胞处于稳定的表观遗传状态,从而限制了其恢复活力。此外,已证明多种转录因子(TFs)调节肿瘤微环境(TME)中的T细胞,包括NFAT,Eomes,T-bet,Blimp-1,BATF,FoxO1,VHL,c-Maf,TOX ,NR4A1和TCF1,但尝试通过调节TF促进T细胞功能可能很复杂。相反,开发更有效的免疫疗法的更有前途的策略可能涉及操纵可调节T细胞衰竭或功能障碍的可药物化靶标。

HPK1是一种免疫抑制调节激酶,在造血区室中具有受限的表达谱。先前的研究已确定HPK1是T细胞受体(TCR)的负信号调节剂:胞质HPK1在TCR激活后被募集到质膜,而活性HPK1磷酸化衔接蛋白SLP76,从而激活SLP76。作为负调节蛋白14-3-3π的停靠位点,其最终使TCR信号复合物不稳定。

最近的一项研究分析了HPK1激酶活性可抑制包括CD4 T细胞,CD8 T细胞和树突状细胞(DC)在内的多种细胞的免疫功能,并确定灭活其激酶结构域足以引发抗肿瘤免疫反应。这些研究表明HPK1是癌症免疫疗法的有希望的候选靶标。但是,尚未很好地确定HPK1在基于T细胞的免疫疗法中的功能意义以及HPK1抑制T细胞功能的分子机制。在这里,该研究发现HPK1在基于T细胞的免疫疗法中的功能意义,并且该研究强烈支持HPK1作为免疫疗法的可治疗靶标。

具体来说,该研究显示HPK1-NFκB-Blimp1轴介导T细胞功能障碍。MAP4K1的高表达(编码HPK1)与T细胞衰竭的增加和某些癌症类型患者的较差生存有关。

在MAP4K1KO小鼠中,肿瘤的生长比野生型小鼠慢,并且浸润性T细胞的衰竭程度降低,活性和增殖性更高。进一步表明,针对嵌合体(PROTAC)介导的HPK1的遗传耗竭,药理学抑制或蛋白水解,可在血液和实体瘤的各种临床前小鼠模型中提高基于CAR-T细胞的免疫疗法的功效。这些策略比在CAR-T细胞中遗传消除PD-1更有效。因此,该研究证明HPK1是T细胞功能障碍的介体,并且是改善免疫治疗反应的有吸引力的可药物化靶标。

原始出处:

Jingwen Si, Xiangjun Shi, Shuhao Sun, et al.Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase1 (HPK1) Mediates T Cell Dysfunction and Is a Druggable Target for T Cell-Based Immunotherapies.Cancer Cell. 2020 Aug 19;S1535-6108(20)30375-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.08.001.

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    2021-06-24 爆笑小医
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    2020-09-03 紫紫荨

    0

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    2020-09-03 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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