即使是低强度吸烟,也增加死亡风险!

2021-03-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在这项针对墨西哥成年人的大型研究中,一半的男性和四分之一的女性吸烟,但平均香烟消费量很低,非日常吸烟很常见。但值得注意的是,即使每天吸几支烟也与死亡率增加有关。戒烟可以避免大部分长期吸烟带来的超额死亡

吸烟是可预防的主要死亡原因,高收入国家的研究显示,吸烟者中有三分之二的人死于吸烟。根据全球疾病负担研究,吸烟在2019年造成了近900万人的死亡。然而,来自中低收入国家的大规模前瞻性证据有限。而世界上大多数吸烟者生活在这些中低收入国家,他们的吸烟习惯可能与高收入国家不同。特别是在许多中低收入国家,低强度吸烟(即每天吸食相对较少的香烟)很普遍,但低强度吸烟对健康的影响还没有完全确定。

在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区约5千万吸烟者中,约有1千万生活在墨西哥。墨西哥的全国调查表明,非每日吸烟很普遍,即使在每日吸烟的人中,平均每天吸烟的数量也不到10支。而之前研究的大多数高收入人群中,每天吸烟者通常每天可能会吸15至20支烟。

那么墨西哥人这种低强度吸烟与死亡率的关系如何呢?为了回答这个问题,研究者分析了墨西哥成年人的前瞻性队列,研究成果近日发布于流行病学权威期刊 International Journal of Epidemiology。

 

该研究于1998-2004年招募了159 755名墨西哥成年人,记录了他们的基本信息及吸烟情况(包括吸烟状况、吸烟量、开始吸烟的年龄和戒烟信息),然后对参与者的因病死亡情况进行追踪,追踪到2018年1月1日。研究者根据吸烟状态对参与者进行分类,然后使用Cox回归模型估计吸烟与死亡率的关系,并且对混杂因素进行校正。

研究发现:在42 416名男性和86 735名女性(年龄在35-89岁之间,以前没有患病)中,18 985名男性(45%)和18 072名女性(21%)目前吸烟,其中33%的男性吸烟者和39%的女性吸烟者并不每天吸烟。8866名男性(21%)和53 912名女性(62%)从不吸烟。在随访期间,与从不吸烟相比,每天<10支烟或每天≥10支烟的全因死亡率危险比分别为1.17(95%置信区间1.10-1.25)和1.54(1.42-1.67)。无论年龄或性别,危险比相似。与每日吸烟关系最密切的疾病是呼吸道癌症、慢性阻塞性肺病和胃肠道及血管疾病。在招募时已经戒烟的人的死亡率低于现在每天吸烟者。

图1 每天吸烟与从不吸烟对35-89岁全因死亡率的影响,按吸烟量分类。根据年龄、地区、最高学历和饮酒量进行了调整。

图2 每天吸烟与从不吸烟对35-89岁特定原因死亡率的影响。

在这项针对墨西哥成年人的大型研究中,一半的男性和四分之一的女性吸烟,但平均香烟消费量很低,非日常吸烟很常见。但值得注意的是,即使每天吸几支烟也与死亡率增加有关。戒烟可以避免大部分长期吸烟带来的超额死亡风险。

 

文献来源

Blake Thomson, Roberto Tapia-Conyer, Ben Lacey, Sarah Lewington, Raúl Ramirez-Reyes, Diego Aguilar-Ramirez, et al. Low-intensity daily smoking and cause-specific mortality in Mexico: prospective study of 150 000 adults, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021; dyab013, https://doi-org.proxy-ub.rug.nl/10.1093/ije/dyab013

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    2021-08-26 ms6000002020796504

    烟这玩意还是别抽了

    0

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    2021-03-13 sillywu

    cox回归模型走起~

    0

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    2021-03-13 学医无涯

    严格控烟,尽量戒烟

    0

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    2021-03-13 yangchou

    吸烟有害健康,百害无一利。

    0

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