北大人民医院ECMO应用经验:辅助循环“烟囱技术”可减少并发症

2019-05-15 不详 中国循环杂志

北京大学人民医院廉波等研究提示,与直接插管相比,VA-ECMO辅助循环“ 烟囱技术”可改善ECMO 的插管部位出血和远端肢体缺血情况。本组行VA-ECMO 辅助的难治性心力衰竭(心衰)患者37例,均使用同侧股动静脉插管建立ECMO 通路。21例患者接受股动脉切开直接插管,根据远端肢体缺血情况,在ECMO 循环管路上使用ARROW 双腔深静脉插管建立向远端肢体的侧支循环,16例患者接受了“烟囱技术”

北京大学人民医院廉波等研究提示,与直接插管相比,VA-ECMO辅助循环“ 烟囱技术”可改善ECMO 的插管部位出血和远端肢体缺血情况。

本组行VA-ECMO 辅助的难治性心力衰竭(心衰)患者37例,均使用同侧股动静脉插管建立ECMO 通路。

21例患者接受股动脉切开直接插管,根据远端肢体缺血情况,在ECMO 循环管路上使用ARROW 双腔深静脉插管建立向远端肢体的侧支循环,16例患者接受了“烟囱技术”,即股动脉切开后,端侧吻合直径8 mm 的涤纶人工血管,然后将动脉插管插入人工血管,动脉插管尖端位于吻合口附近。

经股动静脉的“烟囱技术”和直接动静脉插管相比较,能够明显改善每日插管部位出血情况,减少患者用血量,较明显地改善插管远端肢体的缺血情况。

但“烟囱技术”涉及血管吻合,延长插管时间,而且“烟囱技术”对住院期间死亡率无影响。

对于需要建立ECOM 的患者,研究者建议采用以下策略:

(1)对于需要急救患者,可以通过直接插管的方式进行VA-ECOM 辅助,减少手术操作时间,减少组织低灌注或无灌注时间;

(2)对于股动脉血管无异常的患者,为减少下肢缺血并发症的发生,可以在股动静脉直接插管后选择合适的侧支循环管路,进行VAECMO辅助;

(3)对于股动脉偏细的患者,可以使用“烟囱技术”进行VA-ECMO 辅助;

(4)如果股动脉本身存在病变或狭窄,可以考虑锁骨下动脉途径进行VA-ECMO 辅助。

来源:廉波, 陈彧, 赵舟, 等. 插管策略对静- 动脉体外膜式氧合相关并发症的影响——单中心回顾性研究. 中国循环杂志, 2018,33: 380.

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    2020-03-21 丁鹏鹏
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    2019-12-22 zhangbaojun
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