《自然》重磅发现:寒冷激活棕色脂肪,能“饿死”癌细胞!

2022-08-05 复旦大学基础医学院 复旦大学基础医学院

这一发现巩固了糖代谢在肿瘤发展中的重要作用,揭示了冷暴露对于肿瘤组织的影响及其潜在机制,并提出了抗肿瘤的“寒冷疗法”。

复旦大学基础医学院细胞与遗传医学系杨云龙研究员课题组与瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院科研人员合作研究发现冷暴露抑制实体瘤生长的新机制,提出了寒冷通过激活棕色脂肪抑制肿瘤生长的全新理念,并给出了相应的治疗思路。该成果以Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism为题在2022年8月3日发表于Nature杂志。

为了适应自身能量需求,肿瘤表现出独特的代谢特征,可通过有氧糖酵解的形式为其生长、侵袭和转移供能,该过程消耗大量葡萄糖。哺乳动物中起维持体温作用的特异性产热组织棕色脂肪组织,可通过UCP1,解偶联氧化传递呼吸链中的电子传递与ATP的生成,使得线粒体跨膜质子梯度转化为热能释放,即非颤抖性生热。与肿瘤细胞类似,棕色脂肪细胞会迅速高效地利用葡萄糖等营养物质,作为产热的关键代谢底物。因而,棕色脂肪激活及产热在调节血糖,治疗肥胖、Ⅱ型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的临床研究中备受关注,并取得一定进展。而在其他重大疾病领域,棕色脂肪的治疗潜力仍尚待探索。虽然棕色脂肪和肿瘤细胞均能大量摄取葡萄糖,但迄今为止,科学家对于棕色脂肪组织及其和肿瘤间的关系仍知之甚少。

研究者们通过构建多种实体瘤模型,应用不同温度干预,发现:与热中性的30℃处理组相比,4℃冷暴露能显著抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,并延长荷瘤小鼠生存期。进一步研究发现冷暴露显著促进荷瘤小鼠棕色脂肪的葡萄糖摄取,相反明显抑制肿瘤的葡萄糖摄取。通过一系列实验,研究者们发现:寒冷激活棕色脂肪组织,通过血糖竞争机制,从降低葡萄糖的来源及削弱肿瘤摄取葡萄糖能力两方面有效抑制肿瘤生长。随后,研究者们小规模招募了健康志愿者及肿瘤患者,进行了前瞻性的临床观察。结果提示了应用寒冷干预治疗肿瘤的临床可行性。这一发现巩固了糖代谢在肿瘤发展中的重要作用,揭示了冷暴露对于肿瘤组织的影响及其潜在机制,并提出了抗肿瘤的“寒冷疗法”。

瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院的Takahiro Seki博士和复旦大学基础医学院细胞与遗传医学系杨云龙研究员为本文共同第一作者。中国工程院外籍院士、瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院Yihai Cao教授为该工作的通讯作者。基础医学院细胞与遗传医学系谢思思博士参与了这项工作。

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    2023-03-07 ms2000000859826033

    冷疗法

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    2022-08-07 yxch36
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    2022-08-05 ms5000000667004054

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