Translational psychiatry:托卡朋可改善PTSD患者的认知控制

2021-07-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

对于更严重的PTSD受试者,托卡朋降低了对恐惧线索的明显偏颇反应,减少了情绪损害的潜在来源。

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)导致认知和情感功能的损害。动物研究表明,慢性压力会降低多巴胺的张力,动物和人类的研究都认为多巴胺张力的变化会影响工作记忆,这是一种核心的执行功能。这些发现提出了这样一个假设,即在PTSD症状更严重的个体中,增加皮层多巴胺张力可以提高工作记忆的表现。

Andrew J. Westphal等进行了一项药理功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究,研究结果发表在Translational psychiatry杂志。

30名表现出一定程度PTSD的美国退伍军人完成了一项情绪工作记忆任务。每名受试者都接受了安慰剂和儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶抑制剂托卡朋(tolcapone)的治疗,托卡朋可以随机、双盲、平衡的方式增加皮层多巴胺张力。在与任务相关的脑激活的背景下,评估记忆辨别能力(用工作记忆信号可检测性指数d′计算)和反应偏倚。

创伤后应激障碍严重程度、刺激情绪和药物条件之间的交互作用可预测工作记忆表现。

严重创伤后应激障碍的受试者在d′方面表现出更大的托卡朋介导的改善,在对恐惧刺激的自由偏向反应方面表现出更大的托卡朋介导的减少。

PTSD严重程度、刺激情绪和药物状况之间的相互作用预测BOLD反应。

与所列种子区连接的大脑区域显示药物状况、刺激情绪和创伤后应激障碍严重程度之间的相互作用。

功能磁共振成像显示,在任务决策阶段,托卡朋增强了双侧额顶控制区活动。具体地说,在较高严重程度的创伤后应激障碍受试者中,相对于中性刺激,托卡朋增加了对恐惧的皮质反应,而在较低严重程度创伤后应激障碍受试者中,托卡朋则减少了对恐惧刺激的皮质反应。此外,托卡朋调节前额叶与默认模式网络重叠的区域的功能连接。

PTSD和焦虑症被认为会影响认知,与这些疾病相关的认知损伤能够独立地限制日常功能。为了直接评估这些认知缺陷,该研究评估了一种新的多巴胺能干预对不同程度PTSD的退伍军人的工作记忆和情感功能的改善能力。除了证实较高的PTSD严重程度与情绪性工作记忆任务的降低有关,该研究表明,托卡朋,一种通过抑制COMT酶来增强皮质多巴胺音调的药物,在较严重PTSD症状的受试者中部分补救了这种工作记忆功能障碍。除了通过敏感性指数来提高工作记忆表现外,对于更严重的PTSD受试者,这种多巴胺能干预降低了对恐惧线索的明显偏颇反应,减少了情绪损害的潜在来源。值得注意的是,fMRI显示,更严重的PTSD受试者反应偏差的改善,尤其是在决策时,与工作记忆中通常涉及的额顶(和纹状体)区域的活动有关,并伴随着额区与先前与默认模式网络相关的区域之间功能连接的变化。

该研究强调了情感和认知损伤的共病性,并且指出了PTSD受试者认知缺陷的集中治疗的潜力。更直接地说,基于过去证明皮质多巴胺对工作记忆功能重要性的大量工作,证明了通过COMT抑制增强皮质多巴胺张力可以改善具有更严重PTSD症状的受试者的认知控制的原则性证据。

原文出处

Westphal, A.J., Ballard, M.E., Rodriguez, N. et al. Working memory, cortical dopamine tone, and frontoparietal brain recruitment in post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 11, 389 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01512-6

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    2022-06-13 bsmagic9140
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795936, encodeId=f5211e959362c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=42211e757d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Translation#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17757, encryptionId=42211e757d7, topicName=Translation)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqPdWFricgmt6Dde2ptNxJzD6Y9c4cxpXdTo4pNlVPARAnFdKu6nWIPele9icxApTaFgibq0uVlgRiceQ/132, createdBy=4b8c2500026, createdName=ms8435843352634314, createdTime=Wed Sep 15 07:45:07 CST 2021, time=2021-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1796059, encodeId=f95e1e960597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8c201e758e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#translational#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17758, encryptionId=8c201e758e5, topicName=translational)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d81c2500028, createdName=12498561m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 28 13:45:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657534, encodeId=2a19165e53488, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 08:45:07 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067579, encodeId=fa7d206e5791b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Wed Nov 10 15:45:07 CST 2021, time=2021-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792279, encodeId=59cd1e92279eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Tue Jan 18 05:45:07 CST 2022, time=2022-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1001006, encodeId=d6531001006ca, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=84665552598, createdName=Lei2021, createdTime=Tue Jul 20 01:10:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1001004, encodeId=781d1001004fe, content=RCT, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e8a12564828, createdName=1256e932m19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 20 01:01:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2021-07-20 Lei2021

    很好

    0

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    2021-07-20 1256e932m19暂无昵称

    RCT

    0

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