Alzheimers Dementia: 注意:肚子越大,越容易痴呆!

2021-06-25 Freeman MedSci原创

小心:肚子越大,越容易痴呆!

在过去的几年里,研究表明,血管因素是导致晚年认知能力下降和痴呆的主要因素。但关键的心血管风险因素,包括体重指数(BMI)的时间和影响仍然存在争议。例如,尽管中年的高BMI与痴呆症风险的增加有关,但晚年的高BMI可能与此无关,或似乎有保护作用。这些关联可能受制于早期暴露的不可测量的混杂因素,以及其他偏见。

例如,痴呆症与晚年较高的BMI的无关联或反向关联可能是由于反向因果关系,反映了痴呆症的长期临床前阶段。这种不一致性,支持了采用生命历程方法的必要性,即在任何临床前神经退行性变化之前,如在成年早期,就测量BMI。成年早期的BMI与痴呆症的关系还没有被彻底研究。

有几种机制或能解释BMI与痴呆症的关系,包括血管炎症,以及脂肪和脂肪相关激素(如瘦素)对大脑的直接影响。这些途径也被认为因性别而异,正如痴呆症的发病率一样。鉴于美国成年人的肥胖症持续增加,了解这种关系尤为重要。

然而,由于缺乏可行性和难以对参与者进行从成年早期到晚年的跟踪研究,这种研究大多受到阻碍,而晚年的痴呆症几乎都是在这个时候发生的。由于缺乏大型的、具有种族多样性的、完整覆盖成人生命周期的单一美国队列,解决这一知识差距的唯一方法是利用生命历程(life course)的集合队列(pooled),来解决早期成年BMI是否是痴呆症的风险因素。

藉此,哥伦比亚大学的Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri等人利用一个跨越生命历程的集合队列的BMI数据,估算了老年人的BMI,然后研究了它与晚年痴呆症发病率的关系。

他们研究了来自心血管健康研究(CHS)和健康、老龄化和身体组成研究(Health ABC)的5104名老年人。通过使用汇集的父系人群对成年早期和中年的BMI进行了估算。并使用一个具有完整成人寿命的集合队列和以前建立的方法来估算成年早期和中年BMI。

痴呆症的确定采用的标准包括 痴呆症的确认标准包括神经心理学测试组合、医疗记录和与痴呆症有关的药物使用。最后使用了集合逻辑回归(Pooled logistic regression,PLR)模型分析BMI和痴呆的关系。

他们发现,与成年早期体重指数正常的妇女相比,超重的妇女患痴呆症的几率更高。痴呆症的几率在超重者(OR=1.8)和肥胖(OR=2.45)的妇女中较高,并独立于中年和晚年的BMI。在男性中也观察到类似的关系。

这个研究中重要意义在于,发现了:随着肥胖症在美国成年人中的日益流行,如果想减少痴呆症,可能需要在生命历程的早期开始预防和治疗肥胖症。

原文出处:
Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Vittinghoff E, Hoang T, Golden SH, Fitzpatrick AL, Zhang A, Grasset L, Yaffe K. Body mass index in early adulthood and dementia in late life: Findings from a pooled cohort. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 May 13. doi: 10.1002/alz.12367. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33984188.

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    2021-07-24 anminleiryan
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    2021-06-25 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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