管着IgG4 相关疾病患者,更要小心这两种肿瘤的筛查!

2022-01-17 LILYMED MedSci原创

Arthritis Res Ther. :igg4相关疾病患者的恶性肿瘤风险:系统综述和荟萃分析

IgG4 相关疾病 (IgG4-RD) 是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,是一种具有多系统受累的慢性纤维炎症性自身免疫性疾病。将恶性疾病与 IgG4-RD 区分开来以应用糖皮质激素(IgG4-RD 的一线治疗药物)至关重要。IgG4-RD 患者发生恶性肿瘤的风险尚未明确。在这个问题上有不同的看法。应该注意的是,随着正在进行的进一步研究,免疫调节治疗和生物制剂的开始具有潜在的治疗风险,即除了作为IgG4-RD患者的有效治疗外,还通过改变免疫监测的正常功能来增加恶性肿瘤的发生率。因此,了解恶性肿瘤的基线风险对于 IgG4-RD 患者非常重要。

迄今为止,尚无评估 IgG4-RD 恶性肿瘤风险的 meta 分析。本文回顾了有关恶性肿瘤发病率的报告数据,并进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,以评估恶性疾病的风险。

本文共纳入10项研究。检索和纳入研究的流程图如图1所示。文章的基本研究特点如表1。1986年至2018年间来自不同国家的纳入队列研究中的患者人数从106人到587人不等。在纳入的10篇文章中,有6项研究被筛选为高质量(NOS评分≥6)。

荟萃分析结果

所有研究都报告了恶性肿瘤的总体SIR。只有4篇文章计算了器官特异性恶性肿瘤的SIR,3项研究报告了IgG4-RD诊断前后1年的SIR。 总共有3篇文章需要重新计算癌症的总体风险。

IgG4-RD患者的恶性肿瘤风险增加(SIR = 2.57,95%CI 1.72-3.84)。森林图如图2所示。针对中度异质性, 采用随机效应模型(I2= 74.1%,P <0.01)。 可观察到胰腺癌风险(SIR 4.07 95% CI 1.04–15.92,图3A)和淋巴瘤(SIR 69.17 95%CI 3.91-1223.04,图3B)显着增加。未发现胃癌风险(SIR 0.95 95% CI 0.24– 3.95,图3C)或肺癌(SIR 2.14 95%CI 0.97–4.75,图3D)增高。在IgG4-RD诊断后1年内,合并SIR明显增加(SIR 4.72 95%CI 2.77-8.04),而在诊断1年后未发现这种关联(SIR 1.32 95%CI 0.99-1.76)(图4)。

为进一步了解异质性来源,按研究质量、地理区域和平均随访时间进行亚组分析(表2)。基于研究质量的分层导致NOS≥6研究的汇总SIR为3.06(95%CI 1.72-5.45),其余研究为2.05(95%CI 1.14-3.68)。根据地理区域的分层显示,亚洲的集合SIR为2.13(95%CI 1.40–3.24),而非亚洲的SIR为4.64(95%CI 1.64–13.13)。按随访时间分层,<5年患者的集合SIR为2.69(95%CI 1.56–4.64),其他为1.78(95%CI 1.08–2.94)。当Takahashi等人等人[5],Hirano等人和井上等人的研究被排除在外时,I2该值降低至0%,P值>0.05,这强烈表明这些研究产生的异质性。

进行敏感性分析以评估总体恶性肿瘤风险的荟萃分析的稳定性。当排除任何单一研究时,相应的合并SIR没有发生实质性变化。统计学上相似的结果表明了荟萃分析的稳定性。Begg 检验的P值为 0.049,Egger 检验的P值为 0.056 (>0.05)。鉴于纳入研究的数量,后者的统计学表现更为敏感。Egger对IgG4-RD患者总体恶性肿瘤风险的发表偏倚图在外观上是对称的,P值>0.05,这意味着在荟萃分析中没有发表偏倚的证据。
 
综上所述,与一般人群相比,IgG4-RD增加了恶性肿瘤的风险。根据目前数据,胰腺癌和淋巴瘤的高发病率与IgG4-RD患者相关。因此,在IgG4-RD的管理和诊断中筛查癌症具有重要意义。然而在解释结果时应该谨慎,因为目前的大多数研究都是观察性的,随访期相对较短,无法完全评估癌症的发病率。IgG4-RD在恶性疾病发展中的具体机制尚不清楚。需要进一步进行更高质量的研究来验证和阐明IgG4-RD与肿瘤之间的关系。

原文来源:

Tingfeng Yu, et al. The risk of malignancy in patients with IgG4-related disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

 2022; 24: 14.
Published online 2022 Jan 5. doi: 10.1186/s13075-021-02652-2

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    2022-05-01 赛华佗
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    2022-01-25 ms9000001920539650

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