具有特殊皮肤镜表现的脂溢性角化病1例

2018-04-10 罗毅鑫 刘洁 晋红中 临床皮肤科杂志

患者男,58岁。阴茎根部黑色斑块2年余。

【一般资料】

患者男,58岁。

【主诉】

阴茎根部黑色斑块2年余。

【现病史】

患者2年前阴茎根部无明显诱因出现米粒大黑色丘疹,无明显自觉症状,未予特殊治疗。皮损逐渐扩大至花生大斑块,遂于2016年8月19日来我院就诊。


【既往史】

既往史,个人史及家族史:无特殊,家族中无类似疾病患者。

【体格检查】

一般情况良好,全身浅表淋巴结未触及增大。系统检查均正常。

【初步诊断

脂溢性角化

【治疗】

予冷冻治疗1次,目前仍在随访中。

【讨论】

脂溢性角化病又称为老年疣,是一种常见的表皮良性增生性肿瘤,可能与日晒、慢性炎症刺激等有关。本病组织病理分型可分为棘层肥厚型、角化过度型、网状型、菌落型、刺激型和色素型。所有类型均具有角化过度、棘层肥厚和乳头瘤样增生,肿瘤组织由鳞状细胞和基底样细胞组成,肿瘤组织边界变平,且与正常表皮位于同一平面上。本病典型的皮肤镜特征包括粟粒样囊肿和粉刺样开口,分别对应组织病理上富含角质的真性和假性角化囊肿位于皮损表面的开口。此外,还可见到脑回样结构、虫蚀样边缘、胖手指样结构以及典型发卡样血管。脑回样结构是指迂回、不规则分布的沟裂和突起;胖手指样结构是指较宽的黄色或褐色色素性皮嵴,形似手指或者指尖。临床表现不典型的脂溢性角化病可与色素痣、色素型基底细胞癌及黑素瘤相混淆,可通过皮肤镜特征进行鉴别。本例患者采用皮肤镜观察,在非偏振光下可见到明显的粉刺样开口,为脂溢性角化病的常见皮肤镜特征;在偏振光下可见到多发亮白色条纹,也称为蝶蛹样结构,此结构仅在偏振光下可见。既往报道亮白色条纹多见于基底细胞癌、黑素瘤及Spitz痣中,也可见于皮肤纤维瘤及瘢痕中,可能与真皮浅层胶原增多及变性有关。本例患者具有脂溢性角化病的典型临床和组织病理特征,皮肤镜偏振光模式下可见粉刺样开口和显著的亮白色条纹,提示在脂溢性角化病中也可见到亮白色条纹。





原始出处:

罗毅鑫, 刘洁, 晋红中. 具有特殊皮肤镜表现的脂溢性角化病[J]. 临床皮肤科杂志, 2017(5):300-302.

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